1. 超級聚落（Supercolony） ----综論生命形式的極至
鍾兆晉
台北縣立林口國民中學總務主任
國立台灣大學昆蟲學研究所博士候選人

2. Misconcept

3. Division of Labor in Human

4. Life Form in Earth
Organism
Superorganism
Supercolony

5. Colony
Self-organized
Decentralized system
Decided by workers

6. Eusocial Insect Division of labor Caste differentiation Communication
Polyethism
Effective recruitment system

7. What is “supercolony”? High relatedness Budding foundation Sympatric
No aggressive behavior
High drifting ratio

12. Supercolony of gray-black spiny ant, Polyrachis dives
Multiple migration within a supercolony
Adult transport
36 colonies in a supercolony recorded(Yatsusuke et. al., 1987)

13. Species expressed supercolony
Polyrhachis dives
Polyrhachis sokolova
Polyrhachis robsoni
Formica yessensis
Formica paralugubris
Linepithema humile
Lasius neglectus
Anoplolepis gracilipes
Pheidole sps.

14. Origin of Supercolony Multi-original evolution
From monogyny to polygyny
Basic on sympatric
From independent founding to budding
Sub-nest and sub-colony

15. Anoplolepis gracilipes Pheidole sps.
Polyrhachis dives
Polyrhachis sokolova
Polyrhachis robsoni
Formica yessensis
Formica paralugubris
Linepithema humile
Lasius neglectus
Anoplolepis gracilipes
Pheidole sps.
Formicinae
Dolichoderinae
Myrmicinae

16. Origin of Supercolony Multi-original evolution
From monogyny to polygyny
Basic on sympatric
From independent founding to budding
Sub-nest and sub-colony

18. Origin of Supercolony Multi-original evolution
From monogyny to polygyny
Basic on sympatric
From independent founding to budding
Sub-nest and sub-colony

19. Origin of Supercolony Multi-original evolution
From monogyny to polygyny
Basic on sympatric
From independent founding to budding
Sub-nest and sub-colony

20. Origin of Supercolony Multi-original evolution
From monogyny to polygyny
Basic on sympatric
From independent founding to budding
Sub-nest and sub-colony

21. Molecular analysis Microsatellite DNA
Carbohydrate components of cuticle

22. Argue against
California ant 'supercolony' might not be so super after all
By Dan Vergano, USA TODAY
An ant "supercolony" in California might actually be nests of unrelated ant invaders, according to researchers who are trying to figure out how to end the insects' reign.

23. Does the phenomenon, division of laber, exist in the supercolony level?
previous study focus on “colony” as a unit of social organization
Special function
Different level

24. How to divide a supercolony into different functional group?
Central colony
Reproductive colony
Supportive colony
Reserve colony

25. Division of Labor in Supercolony of Gray-Black Spiny Ant, Polyrhachis dives
code
Total colony number
Central colony number
Reproductive colony number
Supportive colony number
Reserve colony number
Sample area
SC- 01 6 1 3
Hu-Bei village
SC- 02 11 5 4
Din-Hu village
SC- 03 17 2 8

26. Individual
colony
supercolony

27. Thank you!