1. Fry: acoustic cues for consonants o

2. Fry p 135 Remind yourself of the fortis-lenis distinction in the slide for week 6 – as far as English is concerned, keep particularly in mind the eight fortis-lenis pairs (Fry says nine, which puzzles me... -- see next slide→ Fry: acoustic cues for consonants

3. fortis lenis PLOSIVES FRICATIVES AFFRICATES What is the situation for your language?

4. English p h p b French Icelandic pæbæ peau beau piebuy

5. release pin penni bin spinspenna, benni labour, grabber ábót, labba rabb, rop rub top topp super, supper lip closure VOT no voicing voicing

8. Tihomir, BA essay

11. Fry: acoustic cues for consonants Medially, English lenis plosives are fully voiced. Initially or finally, they may be only partially voiced (plosives may be fully or almost fully unvoiced). In these cases other cues help identity:

15. Fry: acoustic cues for consonants p 137 plosives: fricatives: The cue for fricatives nasals: laterals and semi-vowels:

16. p 138 14 sythesized patterns No change in the F1 Transitions in the F2

17. bilabial – alveolar – velar: “bay day gay” b d d g

18. Reverse for final consonants Rising and falling / minus and plus minus: bilabial zero: alveolar plus: velar

20. p.140 pa ba ta da ka ga: in Week 8 NB spectrum settings in Praat