1. Zooplankton variability on the Faroe Shelf and in the surrounding oceanic area in relation to phytoplankton and physical conditions E. Gaard, H. Debes, B. Hansen, H. Hátún, K. M. H. Larsen Faroe Marine Research Institute ICES/NAFO Symposium on the Variability of the North Atlantic and its Marine Ecosystems during 2000-2009. Santander, Spain, 10-12 May 2011

2. Nordic Seas

3. Content Variability: – North of the Faroes Warm Atlantic Cold East Icelandic current water – Outside the shelf front – On the Faroe shelf

4. North of the Faroes

5. Copepod life cycle

6. Calanus life cycle

7. Calanus finmarchicus May 1993-2009

8. Chlorophyll a May 1993-2009

9. Temperature Annual mean

10. The Faroe Shelf Ecosystem Separate water mass Distinct ecosystem Largely neritic zooplankton. Mixed with variable abundances of oceanic zooplankton

11. Copepods on and around the Faroe shelf 19-27 June 2009 Copepods Calanus finmarchicus

12. Zooplankton monitoring Late June

13. Zooplankton dry weight (g/m 2 ) Outside the shelf, late June

14. Outside the shelf front, late June Zooplankton biomass Calanus finmarchicus Stage composition Calanus finmarchicus Relative stage composition

15. Faroe Self copepods Seasonal development, 2004

16. Faroe Self Calanus finmarchicus Seasonal development, 2004

17. Zooplankton dry weight (g/m 2 ) Shelf and Outside the shelf, late June

18. Faroe shelf Late June, 1992-2009 CopepodsCalanus finmarchicus Temora: 10 X increase

19. Shelf temperature and chl. a Chl. a: 15 April - 30 June Temperature Mean, 15 April – 30 June

20. Calanus finmarchicus Stage duration 5°C 8°C 7°C

21. Summary Atlantic and shelf water: – 10x increase in Temora (shelf), 1995-2009 – Zooplankton biomass increase (C. finmarchicus) during the 2000s – Phenology changes. – No relationship with chlorophyll a. – Shorter stage duration induced by higher temperature (~1°C) only shortherns the generation time ~1 weak. East-Icelandic current water: – Large phenology shift in 2003-2004. Earlier reproduction. – No relationship with chlorophyll a – Most like caused by temperature increase and/or changes in currents