1. Evaluation of Current Situation of Fraud and Corruption in Thailand
Prepared by
Dr. Sutthi Suntharanurak
Auditor , Professional Level
Office of the Auditor General of Thailand

2. Outline Research Methodology
Contents of current situation fraud and corruption in Thailand
- International Anti-Corruption index
- Summary interesting results

3. Research Methodology Qualitative Method
- Review literature about corruption in Thailand since 1997
- Review literature about corruption assessment
Questionnaire survey of our research team
- Descriptive analysis

4. Corruption in Thailand since 1997
Why we start at 1997?
- Financial Crisis in Thailand  Demand for Good
Governance
Constitution of Thailand The Reform
of Check and Balance system
Since 1997 many Anti Corruption Agencies (ACAs) have been established to prevent and suppress corruption and money laundering in Thailand

5. The Organic Act on Counter Corruption B.E. 2542 (1999)
Act on Offences Relating to the Submission of Bids to State Agencies B.E (1999)
The Anti-Money Laundering Act B.E (1999)
The Special Investigative Cases Act B.E (2004)
Act on Administrative measure for prevention and suppression corruption B.E (2008)
The Organic Act of State Audit B.E (1999)

6. Since 1997 ACAs have been anti corruption both grand and petty corruption.
Case studies of Grand Corruption in Thailand
- Corruption in public procurement of medicine and medical
equipment in 1999
- Corruption of Klong Dann Sewage Treatment in 2000
- Corruption of Bangkok International Film Festival in 2007
- Corruption in public procurement of Bangkok fire fighting
trucks in 2008
- Unusually rich of the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of
Transport in 2012
Defense in 2013

8. Statistical Corruption of ACAs
Number of Corruption and Money Cases
Sources
OAG Thailand
349
Database of OAG
( )
NACC
1,056
Database of NACC
(2000-Present)
DSI 85
DSI Annual Year Report 2011
( )
AMLO
426
AMLO Annual Performance Report 2011
( )

9. Corruption Perception Index of Thailand during 5 years (2008-2012)
CPI Thailand
Ranking
2008
3.5/10
80/180
2009
3.4/10
84/180
2010
78/178
2011
80/183
2012
37/100
88/176

10. Global Integrity Index of Thailand
Category of Integrity Measure
Integrity Indicators Scorecard
Interpretation
Indicators
Civil society, Public Information and Media
71/100
Moderate
Elections
47/100
Very Weak
Government Accountability
61/100
Weak
Administration and
Civil Service
64/100
Oversight and Regulation
78/100
Anti-Corruption and Rule of Law
68/100
Overall Score

11. Integrity Indicators Scorecard about SAIs and Anti-Corruption
Category of Integrity Measure
Integrity Indicators Scorecard
Interpretation
Indicators
Whistle-Blowing Measures
69/100
Weak
SAI
83/100
Strong
Anti-Corruption Law
89/100
ACAs
63/100
Rule of Law
71/100
Moderate
Law Enforcement
50/100
Very Weak

12. Process of Collecting Data
1. To translate ASOSAI questionnaires in Thai version
2. To determine the number of sample which I focused on ACAs
,that is, OAG, NACC, PACC, DSI, and AMLO.
questionnaires were distributed to 4 ACAs in order to
evaluate corruption situation in Thailand. Meanwhile, I send 10
questionnaires to AMLO in order to assess money laundering
situation.
4. However, this research focuses on the role of SAI. Therefore I
selected 125 respondents from OAG Thailand. These
respondents are auditors and investigators who have more
experiences to explain corruption situation.

13. Number of Sample

14. Response rate and Challenge problem
There were 115 respondents (or response rate was 70% of all respondents) who returned their questionnaires back to me. However, these answers reflected only the evaluation of corruption situation.
In process of collecting data, the challenge problem was the collaboration problem especially other ACAs which I got only 10 questionnaires from DSI.
Further, some respondents commented about the complexity of some questions which seems to be hard to answer.

15. The Statistics of respondents

16. Summary interesting results
Approximately 77.4% viewed that the current situation of corruption in Thailand seems to be serious and pervasive in most or all sectors.
Interestingly, almost 70% believed that the current situation is much higher than previously.
Half of respondents described that the tolerance level is moderately intolerant towards corruption.
Meanwhile, 54.78% of respondents explained that the strength of steps taken by Thai government against corruption is at moderate level.

17. The first type of corruption based on perception of respondents is Grand corruption which % perceived it is prevalence in Thailand.
However, 57.39% still believed that the prevalence of petty corruption is at high level. Likewise, 75.65% recognized that the pervasiveness of grand corruption is at high level, too.
This dataset showed that common types of corruption seems to be the abuse of position/power (28.69%) and criminal breach of trust (29.56%)
Interestingly, half of respondents viewed that local government or municipalities was the most vulnerable to corruption.

18. Approximately ¾ or 75% of respondents ranked that the greatest probability of corruption occurred in procurement contracts sector.
For the root cause of corruption in Thailand, about 44.35% believed that it had been derived from culture, customs and habits of giving bribes to get things done. In contrast, 40% seems to agree and disagree that main cause of corruption is derived from the patronage-client system.
About monitoring the situation of corruption, 53.04% viewed that it was essential. Likewise, half of them thought that it was essential to prioritize complaints of corruption or fraud from the public.

19. For reporting corruption, most respondents emphasized the important role of whistle blower. Interestingly, % believed that the whistle bowling was effective to ensure complaints of corruption.
For the effect of corruption, most respondents concerned seriously about damage of corruption to the government budget, private sector, and citizen.
Almost 65% strongly agreed that corruption during budget formulation is primarily grand or political corruption. Likewise, more than half strongly agreed that unchecked and excessive discretion in the budget process tends to create opportunities for political corruption.

20. Our respondents gave their opinions about conflict of interest which is usual style of corruption in Thailand.
Conflict of interest (COI) is a set of circumstances that creates a risk that professional judgment or actions regarding a primary interest will be unduly influenced by a secondary interest. (Thompson, 1993)
Example of COI : Self Dealing, Post-Employment, Outside Employment, Using inside information, Using public property for private advantage, Pork barreling, etc.

21. Different countries but same behavior!!
put their names on billboards or signs claiming sponsorship of government funded projects or contracts.

23. Further, many respondents mentioned to the policy corruption which involved to the public policy process. They explained that the policy corruption is related to both national and local politicians. It still involved to the budget cycle especially the budget formulation and approval budget.

24. Thank you for your attention You Will Never Walk Alone !!