Before Reading_Main 1. Warm-up Questions 2. Listen – Retell – Discuss

Before Reading_Main 1. Warm-up Questions 2. Listen – Retell – Discuss
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. Warm-up Questions 2. Listen – Retell – Discuss 3. Thomas Jefferson A Brief Introduction to Thomas Jefferson Jefferson’s Chronology The Declaration of Independence Jefferson and the French Revolution

Before Reading_1.1 Warm-up Questions
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Warm-up Questions 1. Do you admire any great political figures or statesmen both at home and abroad? Who are they? And why?

Before Reading_1.1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Zhou Enlai was one of the major leaders of the Chinese Communist movement. He was the first premier of the People's Republic of China, a post he held until his death in He was educated in Japan and Europe and achieved high rank in the Communist movement at an early age. He was well known as a skilled international negotiator. ■

Before Reading_1.2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading The Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen had a tremendous impact on the development of modern China. Sun was the catalyst in the overthrow of Manchu rule. ■

Before Reading_1.2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading As prime minister of Britain during World War II, Churchill roused the British to stand against Nazi Germany. The sight of Churchill, with his cigar and two fingers raised in a "V for victory" salute, inspired Britons to rise to what he called "their finest hour." ■

Before Reading_2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Napoleon Bonaparte was the greatest military genius of the 19th century. He conquered most of Western Europe and Egypt for France, while instituting reforms in these new territories aimed at guaranteeing civil liberties and improving the quality of life. He crowned himself emperor of France in 1804 and introduced reforms intended to unify the revolution-fractured nation. Many of Napoleon's reforms are still in effect today. ■

Before Reading_3.1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 2. Of the American presidents, how many do you know? Can you recognize the people in the following pictures and say something about them?

Before Reading_3.1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading George Washington ( ): Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution, statesman and first President of the United States, born in Westmoreland County, Virginia on February 22, 1732. ■

Before Reading_3.11 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Abraham Lincoln ( ): the 16th President of the United States, born on February 12, 1809 in a backwoods cabin three miles south of Hodgenville, Kentucky, preserved the Union during the Civil War and brought about the emancipation of the slaves. ■

Before Reading_3.12 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Franklin D. Roosevelt ( ): the 32nd President of the United States; elected four times; instituted New Deal to counter the great depression and led country during World War II. ■

Before Reading_3.13 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Bill Clinton (1946-): the 42nd President of the United States ( ) and the first president born after World War II, elected to a second term in 1996. ■

Listen – Retell – Discuss
Before Reading_3.14 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Listen – Retell – Discuss Directions: How much do you know about Thomas Jefferson's personality? Now listen to a short story about him and then retell and discuss it in small groups. Dirty Farmer? While serving as America's vice president, Thomas Jefferson, dressed in dirty working clothes, entered Baltimore's finest hotel one evening and asked for a room. The owner, a certain Mr. Boyden, turned him away. Soon thereafter Boyden, informed of the identity of his distinguished visitor, promptly dispatched several servants to find him and offer as many rooms as his heart desired. Jefferson, having found a room in another hotel, sent Boyden's representative away with the following message: "Tell Boyden that I value his good intentions highly, but if he has no room for a dirty farmer, he shall have none for the vice president." ■

Before Reading_3.15 A Brief Introduction to Thomas Jefferson
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading A Brief Introduction to Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson ( ) is best remembered as a great President and as the author of the Declaration of Independence. He also won lasting fame as a diplomat, a political thinker, and a founder of the Democratic Party. Jefferson's interests and talents covered an amazing range. He became one of the leading American architects of his time and designed the Virginia Capitol, the University of Virginia, and his own home, Monticello. He greatly appreciated art and music and tried to encourage their advancement in the United States. Jefferson invented a decoding device, a lap desk, and an improved type of moldboard plow. His collection of more than 6400 books became a major part of the Library of Congress. Jefferson revised Virginia's laws and founded its state university. He developed the decimal system of coinage that allows Americans to keep accounts in dollars and cents. ■

Before Reading_3.15 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Jefferson did not consider himself a professional politician. Instead, he regarded himself as a public-spirited citizen and a broadminded, practical thinker. He preferred his family, his books, and his farms to public life. But he spent most of his career in public office and made his greatest contribution to his country in the field of politics.

Before Reading_3.16 Jefferson's Chronology Event Date April 13, 1743
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Jefferson's Chronology Date Event Born at Shadwell, Goochland County (now Albemarle County), Virginia. April 13, 1743 Attended the College of William and Mary, where he studied law. 1762

Before Reading_3.17 Event Date 1769 1770 1772
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Date Event Joined the Virginia colonial legislature. 1769 Began to build a mansion home he designed, called Monticello. 1770 Married a well-to-do widow, Martha Wayles Skelton. They had six children. Only two daughters lived to be adults. 1772

Before Reading_3.18 Event Date 1776 1776—1779 1779—1781 1782 1785—1789
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Date Event Asked by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia to draft the Declaration of Independence. 1776 1776—1779 Represented the state of Virginia at the Continental Congress. 1779—1781 Chosen as the governor of Virginia. 1782 His wife Martha died. 1785—1789 Acted as American minister to France.

Before Reading_3.19 Date Event Event Event Event 1789—1793 1797—1801
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Date Event Event Event Event 1789—1793 Served as the nation's first secretary of state under President George Washington. 1797—1801 Served as vice President under John Adams.

Before Reading_3.10.1 Date Date Event 1801—1809 1819
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Date Date Event 1801—1809 Became the President of the United States. 1819 Founded the University of Virginia.

Before Reading_3.10.2 Event Date July 4, 1826
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Date Event July 4, 1826 Died on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.

Before Reading_3.10.3 The Declaration of Independence
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading The Declaration of Independence In April 1775, colonists in Massachusetts took up arms against British troops. The American Revolution had begun. The following year, the Continental Congress in Philadelphia asked Jefferson to write a document declaring America's independence from Britain. The Continental Congress approved Jefferson's work with few changes. The Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, The bonds that tied the colonies to Britain were broken. Jefferson wanted the reasons for America's independence stated clearly so the world would understand. He wrote "all men are created equal," with rights to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Governments are created to secure people's rights. The people could change a government that no longer protected their rights. ■

Before Reading_3.10.3 Jefferson and the French Revolution
Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Jefferson and the French Revolution Jefferson served as minister to France from 1785 to 1789 when revolution was imminent in France. He sympathized with the revolution, feeling it was similar in purpose to the American Revolution. Thanks to his political writings and his legal reforms in Virginia, French reformers regarded Jefferson as a champion of liberty. Marquis de Lafayette, who had fought for America’s Independence, and other advocates of democratic principles often sought his advice. ■

Globe Reading_main 1. Part Division of the Text
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. Part Division of the Text 2. Questions and Answers 3. Further Understanding for Parts 2~3 Background Information for Some Key Words Table Completion

Globe Reading.1 Part Division of the Text Parts Lines Main Ideas 1
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Part Division of the Text Parts Lines Main Ideas 1 1 — 3 A brief introduction to Thomas Jefferson. 2 4 — 43 Some ideas and principles given by Thomas Jefferson. 3 44 — 62 His talents in many fields and his contribution to USA.

Globe Reading.2-part1.1 Questions and Answers
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Questions and Answers 1. Why is Thomas Jefferson less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln? Washington is well-known for his leadership in the American Independence War. Lincoln is well-known for his role in abolishing slavery in the United States. 2. Why do we associate the name of Thomas Jefferson with the Declaration of Independence? He was the writer of the Declaration of Independence. 3. Why was Jefferson chosen to write the Declaration of Independence? He was a good and tireless writer whose complete works fill more than fifty volumes.

Globe Reading.2-part1.2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 4. What was Jefferson’s attitude towards “people of humble origins”? In a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, he went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters, looked into their cooking pots and ate their bread. 5. Why did he insist upon having a free press? A free press could tell the truth. 6. What was the philosophy underlying Jefferson’s determination never to answer his critics? There were two sides to every question. If one took one side with decision and acted on it with effect, those who took the other side would of course resent his actions. So he believed in conflict rather than unquestioning agreement. 7. Why does the author say that American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson? Because Jefferson believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.

Globe Reading.2-part2 Background Information for Some Key Words
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Background Information for Some Key Words The James River is a river, about 547 km (340 m) long, rising in central Virginia and flowing eastward into the Chesapeake Bay. The river is navigable to Richmond for large craft. It was named after James I, King of England from 1603 to 1625. ■

Globe Reading.2-part3 Canoe
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Canoe A canoe is a relatively small boat, typically human-powered, but also commonly sailed. Canoes are pointed at both ends and usually open on top. ■

Globe Reading.2-part2 Marquis de Lafayette
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Marquis de Lafayette Marquis de Lafayette ( ) was a French general and statesman. Born to a wealthy noble family, he was a young man when he sailed to America to help in the American Revolution. He also commanded the National Guard (国民自卫军) and played an important role in the French Revolution. ■

Globe Reading.2-part2 Philadelphia
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Philadelphia Philadelphia is the largest city of Pennsylvania. Founded in 1682, Philadelphia is known as the Birthplace of the Nation because of its role in America's struggle for independence from Britain. Both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States were drafted in the city and signed in Philadelphia's historic Independence Hall. The name Philadelphia was derived from the Greek words meaning “city of brotherly love." Modern Philadelphia has worked hard to become one of the great commercial, cultural, and educational centers in the United States. ■

Globe Reading.2-part2 Table Completion
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Table Completion Directions: In these two parts, the writer tells us something about Jefferson’s principles and his contributions to USA. Complete the following table with the information from the text. his attitude to working Attach importance to personal investigation. his attitude to learning Learn from ordinary people. his opinion on judgment Depend on one’s own judgment. his way of doing things Stick to one’s own way. his attitude to the future and the young Be optimistic about the future and the young. his contributions to USA 1. an expert in agriculture, archeology and medicine 2. a good and tireless writer 3. a man who made great contribution to American education

Article Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Jefferson died long ago, but many of his ideas are still of great interest.

Lessons from Jefferson
Article1_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Lessons from Jefferson Bruce Bliven Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote: Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations.

Article1_W Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Lessons from Jefferson Bruce Bliven Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote: Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations.

Article1_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Lessons from Jefferson Bruce Bliven Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote: What does this sentence imply? He is a person of foresight. Many of his ideas are not out of date. Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations.

Article1_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Lessons from Jefferson Bruce Bliven 1. Explain the grammatical structure of the sentence. Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote: 1) 主句Jefferson believed 为一般过去时，而后面从句却用了一般现在时，说明叙述的内容为人们普遍接受的客观道理。 2) 谓语动词的believed引导两个由that引导的宾语从句, 在非正式文体中，引导第一个宾语从句的that一般可省略，第二个则不能省略，以免引起歧义。 An Example: The boys learned yesterday that the planets are circling about the sun. Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations. More Examples: I understand (that) you have studied Chinese, and that you have written Chinese poetry. She denied (that) she had seen the man and that she had been in touch with him. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 杰斐逊认为，一个自由的人除了从书本中获取知识外，还可以从许多别的来源获得知识；他认为，亲自作调查是很重要的。

Article1_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Lessons from Jefferson Bruce Bliven Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote: What’s the function of “while” in this sentence? Here “while” means “whereas”, introducing sth. different. More Examples: Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue. You like sports, while I’d rather read. Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations.

Article1_W_obtain1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Lessons from Jefferson obtain: vt. get through effort Bruce Bliven I obtained this record for you with difficulty. Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote: 你可以从当地图书馆得到有关签证和护照的信息。 Information about visas and passports can be obtained from your local library. CF: get, obtain, achieve & acquire 这些动词均有“得到，获得，取得”的意思。 get 是最常用、最口语化的词。可以指以任何方式得到某物（积极主动或消极被动），并不强调通过预先的或主观的努力，与具体名词和抽象名词均可搭配。 obtain 为正式用语，指经过长时间的努力或有计划的行动而得到所希望得到的东西或达到预定的目标。 achieve 表示克服困难之后取得成功或实现预期目标。 acquire 指经过一定努力或一定过程，使原有的东西获得更多，并成为永久所有；也指一点点地慢慢地通过长期不懈的努力而获得诸如知识、才干、良好习惯等。常与抽象名词搭配。 Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations.

Article1_W_obtain2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Lessons from Jefferson Bruce Bliven Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote: 1. She finally her ambition to visit China. achieved _______ 2. First editions of these books are now almost impossible to . _____ obtain 3. It usually takes four years to a degree at a university. ___ get 4. I've been working all day, but I feel as if I've nothing. achieved _______ Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations. 5. They realized that only through struggle could they their rights. obtain _____ 6. It took him a long time to the skills he needed to become a professional artist. _______ acquire

Article1_W_source Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Lessons from Jefferson source: n. place from which sth. comes; place where a river starts Bruce Bliven They get their money from various sources. Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote: 莱茵河的源头在哪里？ Where does the Rhine have its source? CF: source & origin 这两个名词均有“根源，起因”之意。 source原指“水源”，转义指事物的“根源，起因或出处”。例如： origin 指事物起始于某时或某处，或由其产生另一事，即“起源，起因，由来”，有时也指“出身，血统”。例如： Is the water polluted at source or further downstream? Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations. 河水是在源头还是在流出之后受到污染的? That well is the source of all the cases of infection. 所有这些传染病都是由那口井引发的. The origins of some words are unknown. 这些词的起源不为人所知。 He never forgot his humble origins. 他从未忘记过自己出身卑微。

Article1_W_personal Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Lessons from Jefferson Bruce Bliven Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote: personal: adj. done in person; belonging to a person The manager will make a personal visit to the supermarket. 这是个人爱好问题。 It’s a matter of personal preference. Collocation: personal affairs Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations. 私事 a personal letter 私人信件 a personal problem 个人隐私问题 personal call 亲自拜访

Article1_W_appoint Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Lessons from Jefferson voyage appoint: vt. choose (someone) for a position, job, etc. Bruce Bliven Who will be appointed to the chairmanship when Mr. White leaves? Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote: The company has appointed a new sales director. Pattern: appoint sb. as appoint sb. (to do) sth. appoint sb. to (a job, post, position, etc.) CF: appoint & name 这两个动词均有“任命，委任”之意。 Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations. appoint 通常指不经过选择的官方委任。例如： name 普通用词，着重任命的结果，而不是过程。例如： He was appointed to the vacant post. 他被委派填补那空缺。 We must appoint somebody to act as secretary. 我们得指定一个人当秘书。 He was named captain of the team. 他被任命为队长。

Article1_W_on the spot Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Lessons from Jefferson Bruce Bliven Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote: on the spot: at the place of action Whenever she's needed, she's quickly on the spot. The police were called and they were on the spot within three minutes. Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations.

Article2_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the people’s homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”

Article2_w Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the people’s homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”

Article2_S_1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the people’s homes as I have done, look into their cooking 1. Paraphrase the sentence. Judging by his family and educational background, Jefferson was a member of the group with top social status. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 按出身及其所受的教育，杰斐逊均属于最高的社会阶层。 pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”

Article2_S_2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the people’s homes as I have done, look into their cooking 1. What’s the implied meaning of the sentence? The noble persons thought they were superior and looked down upon the people of humble origins and regarded talking with those people as degrading. But sometimes they had to because they had to order those people to do things for them. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 然而，在那个贵族除了发号施令以外很少跟出身卑贱的人说话的年代，杰斐逊却想尽办法跟园丁、仆人和侍者交谈。 pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”

Article2_S_3 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the people’s homes as I have done, look into their cooking What’s the grammatical function of “if you will only do this”? 一般说来，if引导的条件状语从句中表示将来用一般现在时，而不用将来时，但这里的will不是将来时，而表示一种现在的意图、意愿、决心等。 An Example: If you will give up smoking, your health will improve. pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”

Article2_w_by birth Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the people’s homes as I have done, look into their cooking by birth: so far as family origin or nationality is concerned My parents are both Indian by birth, but they have American citizenship. He is British by birth, although he was born in France. NB: birth除了与 by 搭配构成短语by birth以外，常见的短语还有： give birth “生孩子；产仔” give birth to“生（孩子）；产生；引起” pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”

Article2_w_humble Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading humble: adj. 1) low in position You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the people’s homes as I have done, look into their cooking Even when she became rich and famous, she never forgot her humble background. 学校为出身贫贱的孩子提供了很好的教育。 The school had provided a good education for children of humble backgrounds. 2) having a modest opinion of oneself In my humble opinion，we should never have bought the car in the first place. pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”

Article2_w_go out of Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the people’s homes as I have done, look into their cooking go out of one’s way (to do sth.): take particular trouble or make a special effort ( to do sth.) Both parties are going out of their way to reach a compromise. It was good of you to go out of your way to meet us at the station. pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”

Article2_w_threaten Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading threaten: v. hang over dangerously; utter a threat against You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the people’s homes as I have done, look into their cooking It’s no use threatening me ─ I’m not going to do it. 他们每次争吵时，他妻子总是威胁说要离开他。 Every time they have an argument, his wife threatens to leave him. Pattern: threaten sb. with sth. be threatened to do sth. pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”

Article3_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people’s opinions without careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.” Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”

Article3_W Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people’s opinions without careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.” Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”

Article3_S_1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. Paraphrase this sentence. Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people’s opinions without careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.” Jefferson didn’t blindly accept other people’s likes or dislikes without careful independent thought. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 未经过认真的思考，杰斐逊绝不接受别人的意见。 Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”

Article3_S_2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. Analyze the structure of the sentence. Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people’s opinions without careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.” Were it left to me to decide等于 If it were left to me to decide. 在虚拟条件状语从句中，如果从句中有should, were或助动词had时，可省略if，将这些词提到句首，主谓语用部分倒装结构。 More Examples: Should we want to accelerate the motion, we should have to exert some force. Had you told me the matter earlier, I would not have done the foolish thing. Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.” 2. What does the sentence imply? Jefferson was by no means an anarchist (无政府主义者) who wished to abolish all established governments. He was noted for his belief, though, that governments should play the smallest possible role in national life.

Article3_W_reject1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading reject: vt. refuse to take, believe, use or consider We rejected his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead. Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people’s opinions without careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.” 他向她求婚, 她拒绝了。 She rejected his offer of marriage. CF: reject, refuse & decline 这三个动词均含“拒绝”之意。 reject 多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝。 refuse 语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的拒绝。 decline 指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等。 Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”

Article3_W_reject2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people’s opinions without careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.” 1. He asked me to give him another loan, but I refused ______ 2. The army doctors several recruits as unfit. rejected ______ 3. When asked to comment on details of the agreement, she . declined _______ 4. He's in trouble but he's all my offers of help. ______ refused 5. We his offer of a lift. declined _______ Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”

Article3_W_error Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people’s opinions without careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.” error: n. mistake; sth. done wrongly He found several errors in his manuscript. 这次事故是由人为过错造成的。 The accident was caused by human error. Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”

Article3_W_false Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people’s opinions without careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.” false: adj. not true or correct Someone shouted “fire”, but in fact it was a false alarm and there were no signs of fire. She was charged with giving false evidence in court. Collocation: a false charge / accusation 诬告 Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.” bear / give false witness 作假证

Article3_W_hesitate Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people’s opinions without careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.” hesitate: vi. feel doubtful; be undecided I'd hesitate before accepting such an offer. 我们不惜为国献身,更不必说吃点苦了。 We do not hesitate to give our lives for our country, let alone suffer some hardships. Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”

Article3_W_prefer Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading prefer: vt. choose sth. rather than sth. else; like sth. better Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people’s opinions without careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.” He usually prefers classical music to rock. Which do you prefer, black coffee or tea? Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.” Pattern: prefer to sth. prefer to do sth. prefer sb. to do sth. prefer to+ v. rather than + do sth. prefer + that-clause (should be/be)

Article3_W_latter Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading latter: adj. nearer to the end The latter point was of great importance. 两者中后者比前者好得多。 Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people’s opinions without careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.” Of the two the latter is far better than the former. NB: 常与the latter搭配使用的是the former “前者的（两者中先提到的）” 例如： Many support the former alternative, but personally I favour the latter (one). 很多人都赞成前一种办法, 但我个人喜欢后一种。 Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.” Jack and Bill are twins, but the latter is taller than the former. 杰克和比尔是孪生兄弟，不过比尔个子要高点。 Collocation: the latter part of his life 他的晚年 the latter half of the month 后半月，下半月 the latter days of summer 夏末

Article4_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, “There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.”

Article4_W Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, “There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.”

Article4_W_conflict Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading conflict: 1. vi. be opposed; clash The statements of the two witnesses’ conflict. Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed 他们对事件的说法与我们的说法截然不同。 Their account of events conflicts with ours. 2. n. disagreement; clash; fight Some people feel there is a great deal of conflict between religion and science. The two companies come into frequent conflicts as a result of competition. his philosophy in letters to a friend, “There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.” Collocation: conflict of interest 利益冲突 an inner conflict 内心冲突 an armed conflict 武装冲突 in conflict with 和…冲突

Article4_W_agreement Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading agreement: n. having the same opinion; thinking in the same way They are basically in agreement on this matter. Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed 我们同意他们的决定。 We are in agreement with their decision. his philosophy in letters to a friend, “There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.”

Article4_W_act on Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed act on: act according to The police are acting on information received. 他总是凭猜想行事。 He always acts on a guess. his philosophy in letters to a friend, “There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.”

Article4_W_resent Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading resent: vt. feel angry or bitter at I bitterly resent your criticism. Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed 我对你的批评十分反感。我们对他成为令人注目的中心人物感到忿恨。 We resent his being the center of attraction. Pattern: resent doing sth. resent sb./sth. doing his philosophy in letters to a friend, “There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.”

Article4_W_action Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed action: n. the process of doing things; sth. done Her quick action saved his life. 一个演员的台词和动作应当一致。 An actor’s words and actions should agree. his philosophy in letters to a friend, “There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.”

Article5_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.” How much pain,” he remarked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.”

Article5_W Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.” How much pain,” he remarked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.”

Article5_S_1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.” How much What’s the implied meaning of the sentence? The author is an optimist. He believes the young and can always keep up with the times. pain,” he remarked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.”

Article5_S_2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. Paraphrase this sentence. Jefferson thought that people nowadays should never be limited to out-of-date customs. Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.” How much 2. What’s the grammatical function of “chain”? Here chain is used figuratively, meaning “bind or restrain.” 3. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 杰斐逊认为，绝不可以用那些已经无用的习俗来束缚住“现在”的手脚。 pain,” he remarked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.”

Article5_S_3 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. Paraphrase the sentence. A great deal of pain and suffering has been caused by worrying about bad things which never came to pass, forgetting the fear completely. Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.” How much 2. What kind of rhetorical device is used here? steer my ship 是隐喻 (metaphor), “驾驶着自己的航船” 未来像航海一样，充满未知性，杰斐逊不但不惧怕，而且对未来充满希望，表现了其乐观和一往无前的精神。 pain,” he remarked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.”

GR-text1 Article5_W_custom1
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading custom: n. established socially accepted practice In my country, it's the custom (for women) to get married in red. Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.” How much 这样做法是某些外国人的习惯。 It is the custom with / of certain foreigners to do so. CF: custom, convention & tradition 这三个名词均含有“习惯，风俗，传统”之意。 custom 指一个国家、一个民族、一个地区或一个社会的习惯、行为方式或风俗习惯，也可指个人的习惯。例如： pain,” he remarked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.” It is difficult to get used to another country's customs. 要适应另一国家的风俗习惯是很困难的。 It is my custom to rise early. 早起是我的习惯。

Article5_W_custom2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading convention 多指约定俗成的行为方式, 规则或公认的标准，或指艺术上公认的技巧。例如： Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.” How much Convention dictates that a minister should resign in such a situation. 依照常规大臣在这种情况下应该辞职。 tradition 广义指世代相传的伦理、行为规范和生活方式，特指因长久奉行而几乎具有法律效力的习惯、习俗，侧重历史意义。例如： By tradition, people play practical jokes on 1 April. 按照传统风俗, 4月1日是可以开玩笑的。 pain,” he remarked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.”

Article5_W_leave behind
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading leave behind: abandon; fail to take or bring along I think I’ll leave my heavy coat behind; I shan’t need it on holiday. Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.” How much 飞机就要起飞了，我却忘了带票。 The plane is about to leave, but I’ve left my ticket behind. Pattern: leave…for leave out of leave…to… leave with pain,” he remarked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.”

Article6_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Jefferson’s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform. Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...”

Article6_W Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Jefferson’s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform. Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...”

Article6_S_1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Jefferson’s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, 1. What can we infer from the sentence? Many of the devices Jefferson invented are still remembered — a machine for copying important papers, an instrument that indicates the weather both indoors and outdoors, a rotating desk, to name only a few. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform. Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...” 他影响了整个美国的建筑业，他还不断地制造出各种机械装置，使日常生活中需要做的许多工作变得更加容易。

Article6_W_superior Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading superior: adj. good or better in quality or value Jefferson’s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, The government troops were superior in numbers. 这种布比那种好。 This cloth is superior to that. Collocation: be superior in 在…方面占优势 be superior to 优于…的；高于…的 NB: and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform. Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...” superior 的反义词是inferior， “下等的、劣等的”，常用的搭配是 “be inferior to”，例如： These products are inferior to those we bought last year. 这些产品比我们去年买的质量差。 Women are not inferior to men. 女人并不比男人差。

Article6_W_existence Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Jefferson’s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, existence: n. the state of existing Many people question the existence of God. The original manuscripts of Shakespeare’s plays are no longer in existence. Collocation: and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform. Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...” lead / have a certain existence 过某种生活 earn one’s own existence 自谋生计 bring / call into existence 使产生；使成立 come into existence 开始存在；产生；成立 in existence 存在的；现存的；现有的

Article6_W_influence1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Jefferson’s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, influence: 1. vt. have an effect on 影响 She's very good at making friends and influencing people. Public opinions are usually influenced by mass media. 公众的观点常常受大众媒介的影响。 2. n. power to affect sth. or sb. 影响, 影响力 The two main influences in a child’s development are the family and the school. and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform. Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...” My teacher's influence made me study science at college. Collocation: have a great / good / bad influence upon / on… 对…有很大 / 好 / 坏的影响 have influence over 对…有影响力 under the influence of 在…的影响下

Article6_W_influence2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading CF: influence, affect & impress 这三个动词均含“影响”之意。 Jefferson’s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, influence 侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。 affect 主语通常是物而不是人，指一物对另一物产生的消极影响。 impress 强调影响既深刻又持久。 Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. The tax increases have us all. _______ affected and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform. Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...” 2. Your mother was clearly not by our behaviour in the restaurant. ________ impressed 3. He tried to me with his extensive knowledge of wine. ______ impress 4. Don’t let yourself be by what she said. impressed ________ 5. The divorce every aspect of her life. _______ affected 6. The sights of the city never fail to foreign tourists. ______ impress

Article6_W_constantly
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Jefferson’s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, constantly: adv. continuously; frequently She has the television on constantly. 这地区经常遭到旱灾。 The area was constantly hit by drought. and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform. Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...”

Article6_W_perform Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Jefferson’s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, perform: v. do, carry out Computers can perform a variety of tasks. 新汽车性能如何? How is the new car performing? and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform. Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...”

Article6_W_above all Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Jefferson’s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, above all: most important of all Never waste anything, but above all never waste time. Children need many things, but above all they need attention. NB: and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform. Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...” 与 “above all” 有相似意义的表达方式有： first first of all firstly for one thing in the first instance in the first place

Article7_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.

Article7_W Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.

Article7_W_owe sht. to Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading owe sth. to: 1) believe (something) to be the result of (something) When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free. I owe my success to my education. 他把他的成功更多地归于运气而不是能力。 He owed his success to luck more than to capacity. 2) feel gratitude (to sb.) in return for a service, favour, etc. He owes his life to the doctor at the hospital. 我深深感激师长与父母。 I owe my teachers and parents a great deal.

After Reading_main 1. Useful Expressions 2. Spot Dictation
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. Useful Expressions 2. Spot Dictation 3. Word Completion 4. Text Review 5. Group Discussion 6. Writing Practice 7. Talking About Pictures 8. Proverbs and Quotations

After Reading_1.1 Useful Expressions obtain knowledge from books
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Useful Expressions 1. 从书本中获取知识 obtain knowledge from books 2. 亲自作调查 personal investigation 3. 做现场观察 make on-the-spot observations 4. 研究有关某一问题的文件 study papers on a subject 5. 社会阶层 social class 6. 发号施令 give an order 7. 出生卑微的人 people of humble origins 8. 烧饭锅 a cooking pot

After Reading_1.2 a mind for judging truth and error
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 判断真理与谬误的头脑 a mind for judging truth and error 认真思考的 with careful thought 力量的源泉 a source of strength 毫不犹豫 not hesitate a moment 有效地采取行动 act on with effect 被无用的习俗束缚住手脚 be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness 满怀希望地 with hope 把恐惧抛在后面 leave fear behind

After Reading_1.3 in existence a tireless writer
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 17. 存在 in existence 18. 不知疲倦的作家 a tireless writer 19. 一切人生来平等 all men are created equal 20. 一份丰富的思想遗产 a rich legacy of ideas

After Reading_2.1 Spot Dictation
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Spot Dictation Directions: Listen to the following passage and fill in the missing words. From the West Lawn, Thomas Jefferson, family, and guests could walk up the on the West Portico to reach the Parlor, one of three rooms in Monticello that were part of Jefferson’s plan for the home in The Parlor was a public room, for conversation, music, games, and reading. Jefferson wrote that music “furnishes a delightful for the hours of respite from the cares of the day, and lasts us through life.” The Parlor was the for many of these hours of “delightful recreation.” Jefferson himself played the and his wife, daughters, and granddaughters played several , including the piano, harpsichord (大键琴), and guitar. Jefferson’s namesake grandson, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, recalled that before his grandfather “lost his for the violin, he would play on it, having his children dancing around him. ” ______ stairs original ______ ________ designed ________ recreation site ___ violin ____, instruments _________ ____ taste ■

After Reading_2.2 Word Completion
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Word Completion Directions: Supply the missing letters according to the definitions on the right. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. p o d h c r t a done in person; belonging to a person parentage; birth; beginning fail to satisfy; displease feel doubtful; be undecided unfavorable remarks or judgments say; comment special natural ability the yearly return of a special date ersonal ______ ____ rigin ______ issatisfy esitate ______ ______ riticism _____ emark ____ alent ________ nniversary

After Reading_2.3 Text Review
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Text Review Directions: Find the evidence from the text to fill in the following chart. a well-known statesman ________ President of the United States a writer 1)The Declaration of 2) complete works of volumes Independence ___________ ___ 50 a thinker ______ philosophical instructions, ideas an educator 1) reform 2)university founder 3)American education owes a great deal to him 4)father of the University of education ________ ______ Virginia an architect _______ influential figure an expert in agriculture 1) 2) soil crop rotation __________ conservation __________ an inventor ______ devices for daily uses

After Reading_2.4 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Debate Directions: Prepare and debate by taking the following steps. Step Form teams Make teams of four people. Half of the teams will take the side of Group A and the other half Group B. Step Have a pre-debate discussion Prepare your arguments and supporting facts of the information discussed. Step Hold the debate The debate begins between the two teams having contrary views. It will go on until one side fails to respond.

After Reading_2.5 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading The Advantages and Disadvantages of Personal Investigation. Group A: Advantages Group B: Disadvantages Advantages to get first-hand material not to rely on false information or situations which have changed ability to ask and answer your own questions Disadvantages limitations in time and ability to travel lack of money no expertise on the subject

Writing Practice–Developing a Paragraph from the Topic Sentence
After Reading_2.6 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Writing Practice–Developing a Paragraph from the Topic Sentence A brief introduction. More often than not, one sentence in a paragraph tells the reader exactly what the subject of the paragraph is and thus gives the main idea. This main idea sentence is called a topic sentence or topic statement. The topic sentence states briefly an idea whose full meaning and significance are developed by the supporting details. The ways to develop a paragraph can be found in the following chart. Definition Classification Example Narration Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Process

After Reading_3.1 WAY SAMPLE
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading WAY SAMPLE “Honesty is the best polity” is a well-known proverb, but it is not so easy for everyone to keep (Topic sentence). Honesty means fairness and uprightness in our words and deeds (Supporting sentence 1). It is also regarded as a very important virtue in our social behavior (Supporting sentence 2). Definition

Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading WAY SAMPLE There are three groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral. (Topic sentence) Great quantities of animals come from whales. To protect the whale…(Supporting sentence 1) Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. No household can get on ... (Supporting sentence 2) Mineral oil is used to drive tanks, airplanes and warships, motor-cars and…(Supporting sentence 3) Classification

Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading WAY SAMPLE It is often said that differences between people can be caused by the different times when the people were born (Topic sentence). For example, people who were born between March 21 and April 20 are supposed to be active, daring, and strong…(Supporting sentence) Example

Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading WAY SAMPLE Nearly all American students in colleges and universities pay for their education (Topic sentence). There are many costs. First of all, there is tuition. At some schools, the tuition is very high, ten thousand dollars a year or more. At other schools, it may only be a few hundred dollars a year. At some community colleges, tuition is free…(Supporting sentence 1) There are other costs as well (Supporting sentence 2). Many students leave their homes to go … Finally, students must buy textbooks for their courses. Going to college…(Supporting sentence 3) Narration

Comparison and Contrast
After Reading_3.3 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading WAY SAMPLE Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country (Topic sentence). Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks (Supporting sentence 1). Americans say “Hi” when they meet; Japanese bow (Supporting sentence 2). Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not (Supporting sentence 3). Comparison and Contrast

After Reading_4 WAY SAMPLE
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading WAY SAMPLE Recently, people’s ideas about how to spend their holidays have changed a lot. It seems that people are becoming more and more active, and they want to explore the entertainment offered by the outside world. There are several reasons why people have changed their minds about holidays (Topic sentence). With the growth of economy, people possess more money enough for them to find enjoyment in holidays (Supporting sentence 1). And more people work more intensively and have less time to relax…(Supporting sentence 2) Cause and Effect

After Reading_5 WAY SAMPLE
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading WAY SAMPLE Once you encounter a person who has stopped breathing, you should begin immediately to do mouth-to-mouth breathing (Topic sentence). First, place the victim on his back and remove any foreign matter from his mouth with your fingers. Then tilt his head backwards… Next, pull his mouth open and his jaw forward,… then…(Supporting sentences) Process

After Reading_6 Homework Directions:
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Homework Directions: Write a paragraph about 80 words by using the following topic sentence and supporting details. Topic Sentence： Owing a private car has many advantages. Supporting details: 1. be convenient 2. save a lot of time 3. enjoy the leisure time 4. not rely on public transportation

After Reading_7.1 Sample:
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Sample: Owing a private car has many advantages. The greatest advantage of all is that the car gives its owners more convenience and saves them a lot of time, enables them to go where they please. People can cover long distances by car rapidly and comfortably. Thus, it is possible for them to enjoy the leisure time by making trips to the country or seaside during the two-day weekends and on holidays. In addition they are no longer forced to rely on public transportation and waste their time in waiting for buses or trains.

After Reading_7.1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading

Proverbs and Quotations
After Reading_8.1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Proverbs and Quotations 1. Genuine knowledge comes from practice. 实践出真知。 2. The more you study, the more you will find yourself ignorant. 学, 然后知不足。 3. You never know what you can do till you try. — Frederick Marryat, British novelist 除非你亲自尝试一下，否则你永远不知道你能够做什么。 — 英国小说家 F. 马里亚特

After Reading_8.2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 4. If you would have a thing well done, you would have a thing well done, you must do it yourself. — Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American poet 如果要将事情做好，就得亲自动手。 —— 美国诗人 H. W. 朗费罗 5. Only a nation of educated people could remain free. — Thomas Jefferson, American President 只有由受过教育的人民组成的国家才能保持自由。 —— 美国总统 T. 杰斐逊

Before Reading_Main 1. Warm-up Questions 2. Listen – Retell – Discuss

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Before Reading_Main 1. Warm-up Questions 2. Listen – Retell – Discuss

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