1. POST·MOD·ERN·ISM NOUN ( SOMETIMES INITIAL CAPITAL LETTER) ANY OF A NUMBER OF TRENDS OR MOVEMENTS IN THE ARTS AND LITERATURE DEVELOPING IN THE 1970S IN REACTION TO OR REJECTION OF THE DOGMA, PRINCIPLES, OR PRACTICES OF ESTABLISHED MODERNISM, ESPECIALLY A MOVEMENT IN ARCHITECTURE AND THE DECORATIVE ARTS RUNNING COUNTER TO THE PRACTICE AND INFLUENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL STYLE AND ENCOURAGING THE USE OF ELEMENTS FROM HISTORICAL VERNACULAR STYLES AND OFTEN PLAYFUL ILLUSION, DECORATION, AND COMPLEXITY.DOGMAMODERNISM MOVEMENT Postmodernism:

2. Modernism vs. Postemodernism Examples ARCHITECTURE http://gds.parkland.edu/gds/!lectures/history/1975 /postmodern.html http://gds.parkland.edu/gds/!lectures/history/1975 /postmodern.html FASHION http://gds.parkland.edu/gds/!lectures/history/1975 /postmodern.html http://gds.parkland.edu/gds/!lectures/history/1975 /postmodern.html ART LITERATURE

3. Postmodernism: An attempted definition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oL8MhYq9owo&feature= player_detailpage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oL8MhYq9owo&feature= player_detailpage Modernism:Modernist literature attempts to take into account changing ideas about reality developed by Darwin, Mach, Freud, Einstein, Nietzsche, Bergson and others. From this developed innovative literary techniques such as stream- of-consciousness, interior monologue, as well as the use of multiple points-of-view. This can reflect doubts about the philosophical basis of realism, or alternatively an expansion of our understanding of what is meant by realism. So that, for example the use of stream-of-consciousness, or interior monologue reflects the need for greater psychological realism. World War I, and the disillusionment that followed, further shaped modernist views of human nature.interior monologue World War I

4. Postmodern Literature http://writershistory.com/index.php?option=com_conte nt&task=category&sectionid=4&id=29&Itemid=42 http://writershistory.com/index.php?option=com_conte nt&task=category&sectionid=4&id=29&Itemid=42 Modernism is characterized by a self-conscious break with traditional styles of poetry and verse. Modernists experimented with literary form and expression, adhering to Ezra Pound's maxim to "Make it new". [1] The modernist literary movement was driven by a conscious desire to overturn traditional modes of representation and express the new sensibilities of their time. [2Ezra Pound [1] [2 http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by- topic/industry-news/tip-sheet/article/58283-the-10- best-modernist-books.html

5. Postmodernist Literature Postmodern literature is literature characterized by reliance on narrative techniques such as fragmentation, paradox, and the unreliable narrator; and often is (though not exclusively) defined as a style or a trend which emerged in the post–World War II era. Postmodern works are seen as a response against Enlightenment thinking and Modernist approaches to literature. [unreliable narratorEnlightenmentModernistliterature [ http://listverse.com/2009/02/13/top-10-works-of- postmodern-literature/

6. Critiques of Postmodernism Assertions are meaningless, vague and promotes obscurantism Philosopher Noam Chomsky has argued that postmodernism is meaningless because it adds nothing to analytical or empirical knowledge. He asks why postmodernist intellectuals won't respond like people in other fields when asked:Noam Chomsky "Seriously, what are the principles of their theories, on what evidence are they based, what do they explain that wasn't already obvious, etc? These are fair requests for anyone to make. If they can't be met, then I'd suggest recourse to Hume's advice in similar circumstances: to the flames." [1] [1]