1. The Universe By Noah Gray Science 9. Mr. Horton Feb 20 th 2015

2. The Big Bang Theory  An explanation to the creation of the universe has been an ongoing search for more than 80 years. Many different theories have emerged, but one in particular has been the most widely believed. The Big Bang Theory is a theory of how approximately 13.7 billion years ago a tiny volume of space suddenly exploded into immense size. In an extremely short time the universe was made. This theory was created in 1927 by a man named Georges Lemaître. This is one explanation of how the universe was formed.

3. Characteristics of an Expanding Universe  The idea of an expanding universe is that, everything started at the the same point and is moving and expanding in all directions. An example of that is the raisin bread example from the chapter 10.1. This example is that as dough, the raisins are all fairly close together, but as the dough is baked the raisins move away from each other along with the dough expanding. A characteristic of an expanding universe is that, galaxies are moving at different speeds which are proportional to their distance.

4. Edwin Hubble  Edwin Hubble was the first astronomer to identify other galaxies than the milky way.  After Hubble’s discovery he noticed that these other galaxies were moving. Hubble came to the conclusion that our universe is an expanding universe.

5. Red Shift Analysis  What is Red Shift Analysis? An example of Red shift analysis is cosmological red shift. This is because the light that travels from other galaxies has to travel a long distance, and over that distance the wave lengths elongate. To understand that you must understand Electromagnetic waves and Spectral Patterns. Electromagnetic waves are basically electromagnetic radiation energy carried in the form of waves. The light that astronomers see are electromagnetic waves. But why is red shift, red? Because of spectral patterns. Like it said in chapter 10.1, White light splits into bands of rainbow colours when it is passed through a prism. A spectroscope is like a prism but is an optical instrument which separates light into it's basic component colors. This pattern of colours is called a spectrum. Each colour of the spectrum represents different wavelengths. So the longer the wavelength, the more red in color it is. That is red shift.

6. Cosmic Background Radiation  In 1963, two astronomers by the names of Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, made a huge discovery to help for the evidence of the Big Bang Theory. When they were monitoring microwave radiation in space, they kept on receiving background noise no matter what they did. They thought it was an error on their equipment behalf, but they soon realized it wasn’t. It was cosmic background radiation. They concluded that this background noise was left over radiation from what they believe was the big bang.

7. How Technology Helps Advance our Knowledge of the Universe.  There are lots of different technology that is helping us learn more and more about the universe. There are some very basic technology like telescopes that anyone can own but then there are truly amazing technology, where there are only one of them. An example of that is the Hubble Space Telescope. The Hubble Space Telescope was launched in 1990 and has stayed active since then. It has given us the clearest photos of other galaxies. It has been the eyes for astronomers who are looking into other galaxies.  Another important piece of technology is COBE which stands for Cosmic Background Explorer. This satellite was created by NASA and its job is to measure the diffuse infrared and microwave radiation from the early universe.  WMAP which means The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, is a NASA made probe, created to make fundamental measurements of cosmology, which is the study of our universe as a whole. WMAP has been quite successful and quite key to the study of our universe  Lastly, CERN which stands for European Organization For Nuclear Research. It is an extremely successful organization made to do nuclear research. It has made many discoveries and is really helps propel scientific progress.

8. Galaxy Formations  Here are 3 different types of Galaxies  1)Spiral Galaxy. A spiral galaxy is named after its resemblance to a spiral. The spiral normally has thinner arms and a bright, large centre. The milky way (the galaxy earth is in) is a spiral galaxy. The glow that surrounds the spiral galaxy is called a halo.  2) Elliptical Galaxy. An Elliptical is named after its shape, but the difference between this one and a spiral galaxy is that the Elliptical galaxy really varies in shape. It could look like a pipe or look like a soccer ball. Some cool facts about Elliptical galaxies are that they make up for over half of all the galaxies known to us, and they tend to be the biggest galaxies.  Lastly, there is the irregular galaxy which, to no surprise is irregular. This galaxy is named after it's irregular shape, as eachbirregular galaxy is different to another.

9. Creation of the Universe Video  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJT_beZiGgQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJT_beZiGgQ

10. Sites  http://cdn2.business2community.com/wp- content/uploads/2013/04/universe-resized-600.png http://cdn2.business2community.com/wp- content/uploads/2013/04/universe-resized-600.png  http://content.science20.com/files/images/bigbang.jpg http://content.science20.com/files/images/bigbang.jpg  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_formation_and_evolution http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_formation_and_evolution  http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/ http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN#Scientific_achievements http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN#Scientific_achievements  Science 9 textbook

11. Thank you The end