1. U.S. History I Chapter 5 1865-1914 Immigration and Urbanization
Background: Immigrant Family
Right: “Deported Pen” Ellis Island

2. U.S. History I Chapter 5 Section 1 “The New Immigrants”
2.3, 3.7, 9.3, 9.4
Top Left: Immigrant “test”, Sikh Immigrants from India,
Angel Island Poster, and Chinese Exclusion
Cartoon

3. Immigrants Decide to Leave Home
Why did Europeans come to the U.S.?
Push Factors
Farm poverty and worker uncertainty
Wars and conscription
Political tyranny
Religious oppression
Pull Factors
Plenty of land and work (Homestead Act 1862)
Higher standard of living
Democratic political system
Opportunity for social advancement

4. The Immigrant Experience
Steerage: the cheapest and basic way to travel on a steamship
Arrived at Ellis Island
K= hernia
X= mental disabilities
H= heart problems
Sc= scalp problems
“Old” Immigrants: Northern & Western Europe: Pre- Irish/German
“New” Immigrants: Southern & Eastern Europe- Catholic/Jewish
“Chain” Immigrants: Family of original immigrant

5. Angel Island Chinese Immigrants Japanese Immigrants
Taiping Rebellion
Central Pacific Railroad
Japanese Immigrants
Economic hardships
Over 200,000 Chinese and Japanese immigrants arrived on the West Coast during the late 1800s

6. Resurgence of Nativism
Nativism: extreme dislike for immigrants by native-born people and a desire to limit immigration
Prejudice Against Newcomers
Prejudice: an adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand without knowledge of the facts; an irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race or religion
Discrimination: Treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual merit; partiality or prejudice
American Protective Association
Henry Bowers
Anti-Catholic & Foreigners
Wanted to stop all immigration

7. The Immigration Debate
“They would close to the newcomer the bridge that carried them and their fathers over”

8. Americanization: Programs aimed at turning immigrants into “Americans”
Assimilation: To blend into society
Melting Pot: Many cultures combine to form one distinct “American” culture
Impact on the Anti-Immigrant Movement
Workingman’s Party of California
Dennis Kearney
Fighting Chinese immigration
Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882
Barred Chinese immigration for 10 years
Barred Chinese immigrants already in the country from becoming citizens
Even after Chinese protests became a permanent act in 1902
Act was repealed in 1943

9. U.S. History I (Five Points and NYC)
Chapter 5 Section 2
“Cities Expand and Change”
2.2, 2.3, 3.7, 9.3

10. Section 2: Urbanization
Americans Migrate to the Cities:
Rural to Urban Migrants: Urbanization
Immigrants
The New Urban Environment
Frederick Law Olmsted- Central Park: N.Y.C.
Skyscrapers- 10 Stories and up: Home Insurance Building: Chicago
Louis Sullivan
Mass Transit: Carry Many People
Elisha Otis: Safety Elevator Inventor
Separation by Class
High Society
Middle-Class Gentility: “Streetcar” Suburbs-Cleaner ‘perimeter’ of city
The Working Class
Tenements : Low-cost multi-family housing
Average annual income $445.00

11. Frederick Law Olmstead
Designed Central Park in NYC

12. City Problems Pollution/Sanitation Crime Racial Tension “classism”
Political Corruption
Fire: 1871: Great Chicago Fire 100,000 People left homeless
(top right: immigrant children living in poverty)

13. The “Great” Chicago Fire: 1871
Killed
100,000 Left homeless

14. U.S. History Chapter 5 Section 3 “Social and Cultural Trends”
“2.2,3.6,9.3”
“Uncle Sam is a Man of Strong Features” (Top Left)
“The Melting Pot” (Top Right)

15. The Gilded Age A Changing Culture Gilded Age
Mark Twain and Charles Wagner
The Idea of Individualism
Horatio Alger
Brave and Bold
Rags to Riches stories

16. Americans Become Consumers
Conspicuous Consumption: Buying for status and the sake of buying: Buying more for WANT than NEED.
Advertising: Rowland Macy (NYC), Jordan Marsh (Chicago: “Marshall” Fields)
Department Store: variety of goods organized into departments…used advertising
Standard of living began to improve for middle/upper class

17. Mass Culture Newspaper: Joseph Pulitzer: Evening World
William Randolph Hearst: Morning Journal

18. Literature and Arts: Creating Social Awareness
Horatio Alger: Rags to Riches
Stephen Crane: Maggie: a Girl from the Streets (NYC Slums and Prostitution)
Red Badge of Courage (Psychological Impact of War)
Edith Wharton: Age of Innocence: Questioned societies “rigid rules”
Thomas Eakins: Realist Painter

19. Popular Entertainment
Amusement Parks: Coney Island
Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show
Church Summer Camps
Vaudeville: Music, Comedy, Acrobats, Animal Acts, and Plays were featured
Spectator Sports: Boxing, Baseball
Baseball: included black players until
1876: Chicago Cubs Formed
1887: Chicago White Stockings refused to play a team with a black player
James Naismith: invented basketball in 1891 at YMCA