1. www.sti-innsbruck.at © Copyright 2008 STI INNSBRUCK www.sti-innsbruck.at The Google Knowledge Graph Ioan Toma

2. www.sti-innsbruck.at Agenda What is the Google Knowledge Graph (GKG)? How it is used? Data sources The Google Knowledge Graph and the Web of Data 2

3. www.sti-innsbruck.at What is it? “A huge knowledge graph of interconnected entities and their attributes”. Amit Singhal, Senior Vice President at Google “A knowledge based used by Google to enhance its search engine’s results with semantic-search information gathered from a wide variety of sources” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_Graph 3

4. www.sti-innsbruck.at Based on information derived from many sources including Freebase, CIA World Factbook, Wikipedia Contains 570 million objects and more than 18 billion facts about and relationships between these different objects 4 What is it?

5. www.sti-innsbruck.at GKG enhances Google Search in three main ways: Find the right thing –deals with the ambiguity of the language 5 What is it?

6. www.sti-innsbruck.at GKG enhances Google Search in three main ways: Summaries –summarize relevant content around that topic, including key facts about the entity 6 What is it?

7. www.sti-innsbruck.at GKG enhances Google Search in three main ways: Deeper and broader information –reveal new facts –anticipate what the next questions and provide the information beforehand (based on what other users asked before) 7 What is it?

8. www.sti-innsbruck.at 8 How it is used? Search for a person, place, or thing Facts about entities are displayed in a knowledge box on the right side

9. www.sti-innsbruck.at 9 How it is used? Explore your search

10. www.sti-innsbruck.at 10 CIA World Factbook Freebase Wikipedia and many others … Data sources

11. www.sti-innsbruck.at 11 GKG and CIA World Factbook CIA World Factbook is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States with almanac-style information about the countries of the world. GKG integrates information about geography, government, economy, etc. from CIA World Factbook

12. www.sti-innsbruck.at 12 GKG and Freebase Freebase is large collaborative knowledge base, developed by Metaweb and acquired by Google in 2010. GKG uses UIDs directly from the Freebase; detective work of Andreas Thalhammer showing how to get from GKG UIDs to Freebased UIDs using base64 and gzip Check the “Knowledge Graph links to Freebase” thread on w3c mailinglist http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/semantic- web/2012Jun/0028.html http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/semantic- web/2012Jun/0028.html

13. www.sti-innsbruck.at For most search results first sentences come from Wikipedia 13 GKG and Wikipedia

14. www.sti-innsbruck.at 14 Other sources GKG also considers the information Google retrieves from the volume of queries done by the users and the links those users have clicked on the results presented for those queries

15. www.sti-innsbruck.at 15 GKG and other Google products GKG is integrated with other Google products e.g. Google+

16. www.sti-innsbruck.at 16 Web of Data Hypertext Hypermedia Web Web of Data Semantic Web Picture from http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/194507/bushhttp://www.theatlantic.com/doc/194507/bush ? Picture from [4] “As We May Think”, 1945 Semantic Annotations

17. www.sti-innsbruck.at 17 Web of Data Characteristics: –Links between arbitrary things (e.g., persons, locations, events, buildings) –Structure of data on Web pages is made explicit –Things described on Web pages are named and get URIs –Links between things are made explicit and are typed Web of Data “Things” Typed Links

18. www.sti-innsbruck.at GKG and the Web of Data A closed implementation of Web of Data principles –is not about documents, but objects such as people, places and things –objects are interlinked in the GKG –objects have structured information which is obtained from the web The Google Knowledge Graph is the basis for transforming Google’ core search product from an information engine to a knowledge engine (entity search engine) 18

19. www.sti-innsbruck.at References http://www.google.com/insidesearch/features/search/knowledge.html http://googleblog.blogspot.co.at/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph- things-not.htmlhttp://googleblog.blogspot.co.at/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph- things-not.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_Graph http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/semantic-web/2012Jun/0028.html http://www.stateofsearch.com/search-in-the-knowledge-graph-era/ 19

20. www.sti-innsbruck.at Questions?