1. Hydrogen Pittsburgh The Future of Fuel by Anel Abdrashova David Carulli Kate Gilland Chris Little

2. The Future of Fuel http://www.ecofriend.com/entry/eco-tech-south-carolina-gets-its-first-hydrogen-fueling-station/

3. City Selection Criteria 1) PA has the second largest number of active nuclear plants for electrolysis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beaver_Valley_Nuclear_Generating_Station.jpg

4. City Selection Criteria 2) Marcellus Shale is the largest U.S. source for natural gas, which is used in Steam Methane Reformation http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/minres/oilgas/new_forms/marcellus/marcellus.htm

5. City Selection Criteria 3)Northeast Region with existing Natural Gas Pipeline Infrastructure from the Gulf http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_gas/analysis_publications/ngpipeline/dependstates_map.html

6. Hydrogen Production Selection High Temperature Nuclear Electrolysis Approx 64% efficiency Requires 62.5kWh to produce 1 kg H2 Western PA prices ($.0834/kWh) $5.21/kg H2 production only Oxygen by-product sales *Conclusion: too expensive Notables Landfill gas(and possible supplement to our SMR) Similar cost to SMR Releases harmful chemicals upon burning 100 acre Imperial Landfill produces 1 million MMBTU/year(=8.8 mil kg H2/year, which is 3.5% of our needs) *Conclusion: possible supplement Wind Energy PA is the largest wind power state east of the Mississippi, potential to produce 15% of consumption $3.5 Million/2MW capacity turbine (=17,520kWh=280,000 kg H2/year, which is.1% of our needs so we would need 1000 turbines, for $3.5 Billion) *Conclusion: extremely high initial investment, high land cost/taxes, may be more profitable as electricity

7. Hydrogen Production Selection Hydrogen from Steam Methane Reformation Natural Gas Price in PA $5.44/million BTU industrial $3.80/million BTU wellhead price Hydrogen from SMR(3 times NG price) $11.40/million BTU/8.793 kg H2=$1.29 untaxed, undistributed Emissions only 60% of Gasoline Alternative *assumed 70% efficiency, wellhead price Gasoline Gas Price($3.87/gal taxed, 115,000 BTU/gal=$33.74/million BTU taxed)

8. Hydrogen Delivery Pipeline $0.80/kg Investment=$6.3 million (at $1mil/mile) Extra storage capacity may be available in depleted petroleum reservoirs which are prominent in western PA(needs extra bulk geologic/liquid storage) Pressures are adequate to fill hydrogen carriers(propane tanks) Truck Delivery $1.40/kg Emissions from delivery trucks 10 hour dispensing time Need 2 trucks/day Recurring cost Liquefaction for Delivery Loses too much energy in storage Major losses in liquefaction

9. Hydrogen Storage Underground Smaller footprint near urban areas Above Ground Lower Initial Cost Conclusion: Higher recurring property tax Air Products' underground LH 2 tank being installed at the Shell Hydrogen refueling station in Washington DC in 2004. http://whyy.org/cms/news/health-science/2008/11/11/nj- solar-hydrogen-home-bottles-sunshine/1184

10. Hydrogen City Model Air Products

11. Hydrogen City Model

13. Air Products

14. Hydrogen City Model

15. Hydrogen City http://www.avenirex.com/shot/v/pitt/img_0363.jpg.html

16. References Slide 3http://www.statemaster.com/graph/ene_nuc_ene_num_of_nuc_pow_pla-energy-nuclear- number-power-plantshttp://www.statemaster.com/graph/ene_nuc_ene_num_of_nuc_pow_pla-energy-nuclear- Slide 6http://www.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/ngw/ngupdate.asphttp://www.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/ngw/ngupdate.asp http://fuelgaugereport.aaa.com/?redirectto=http://fuelgaugereport.opisnet.com/index.asp http://hydrogen.pnl.gov/cocoon/morf/hydrogen/site_specific/fuel_heating_calculator?canprint=false Slide 7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_economy http://www.electricitywatch.org/pennsylvania-electricity/ http://www.windustry.org/how-much-do-wind-turbines-cost Slide 8 http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/03_babu_transfer.pdfhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/03_babu_transfer.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/program/delivery_tech_team_roadmap.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/program/delivery_tech_team_roadmap.pdf (pg.9-18) http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review09/pd_30_mintz.pdf Slide 9http://www.ika.rwth-aachen.de/r2h/index.php/Large_Hydrogen_Underground_Storage