2. Fluid Mosaic Model Current model of the membrane structure. Phospholipid fluid sea in embedded with a wide variety of protein molecules.

3. Cell Membrane The cell membrane is also known as: – Phospholipids bi-layer – Plasma membrane – Fluid mosaic membrane

4. What is a Solution? Is a homogeneous mixture A combination of a Solute and Solvent. Large part is the solvent Small part is the solute

5. What is a [ ] Gradient? Is when there is an uneven distribution of a substance across a solution. High to low concentration [ ] Low to high concentration [ ]

6. Understanding solutions More Solvent Less Solute Less solvent More Solute solute solvent

7. Understanding solutions Hypotonic solutionHypertonic Solution solute solvent

8. Understanding solutions Hypotonic Solution Hypertonic solution Cell solvent solute

9. Understanding solutions The solution has solvent and solute The cell has solvent and solute too. solute

10. Who has more solute? What type of solution is this cell in?

11. What will happen to this cell? H2OH2O Cell Shrinks

12. Who has more solute? What type of solution is this cell in?

13. H2OH2O Cell Swells Lysis

19. Hypertonic Solution Plant Cells Animal Cells

21. Hydrophobic vs Hydrophilic Hydrophilic (attracted to water) Hydrophobic (not attracted to water but are attracted to other hydrophobic tails) They have a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. Cell membranes are made up of a double layer of these phospholipid molecules. The phospholipid bilayer makes the membrane very stable but also allows flexibility. The phospholipid in the membrane are in a fluid state which allows the cell to change it’s shape easily.

22. Osmotic Pressure The pressure of water moving across a membranes cause by a concentration gradient.

23. Turgor Pressure Is a hydrostatic pressure due to a plant cell being placed in a hypotonic solution. Is pressure on inside of a cell against the cell wall. Only in plant cells

24. What is Plasmolysis? The Shrinking of cell membrane from cell wall in a plant or bacterial cell, caused by loss of water through osmosis. from Greek lusis, a loosening.

25. What is Crenation? Crenation is the contraction of a cell after exposure to a hypertonic solution, due to the loss of water through osmosis.hypertonic solutionosmosis Crenation occurs because in a hypertonic environment, osmosis.osmosis As a result the cell shrinks and forms abnormal notchings around its edges.

26. What is cytolysis? Cytolysis, or osmotic lysis, occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to move into the cell.lysisosmotic imbalance It occurs in a hypotonic environment.hypotonic Where water moves into the cell by osmosis where the volume exceeds the membrane's capacity and the cell bursts.osmosis The presence of a cell wall prevents the membrane from bursting, so cytolysis only occurs in animal and protozoa cells which do not have cell walls.cell wallanimalprotozoa

27. Active or Passive Transport Endocytosis Diffusion Exocytosis Osmosis Oxygen Carbon dioxide Sugar Water Pinocytosis Phagocytosis

38. Leaf Anatomy