1. Set up the federal court system; determined the number of judges on the Supreme Court; established federal circuit (3) and district courts (13); allowed state court decisions involving the federal Constitution to be “appealed” to a federal court.

2. The Departments of: State – Thomas Jefferson; War – Henry Knox; Treasury – Alexander Hamilton; Attorney General – Edmund Randolph

3. Distrusted centralized power; trusted the common people
Favored centralized power; distrusted the common people (unwashed masses)

4. believed it was unconstitutional
believed it would help to organize and stabilize the nation’s finances; believed it would tie wealthy investors and business people to the nation’s success

5. Republican
Federalist
he saw political parties as a danger to national unity and national safety
CABINET PROTECTIVE TARIFF
EXCISE TAX REPUBLICANS

6. “FEDERALIST ERA”
“A New Nation”
-Washington Adams

7. RESEARCH TOPICS - Ch. 6 Sections 1 & 2
Washington’s Cabinet appointments (who)
Federal Judiciary built and completed
Judicial Review
Hamilton’s financial system (National Bank)
Development of American Party system
Hamilton v. Jefferson VIEWS CHART
Whiskey Rebellion
Neutrality Proclamation
Washington’s Farewell Address
John Adams Presidency
Thomas Pickney Treaty
Sectionalism
“XYZ” Affair
Alien and Sedition Acts
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Nullification and the States Rights Argument

8. “FEDERALIST ERA”
Ch “A New Nation”

9. The New Government George Washington –CREATES the MODEL
Sets early “Precedents – Traditions”
Oct. 3, 1789 Thanksgiving Proclamation
Thursday Nov. 26
National Day of Prayer and Thanksgiving
Formal Ceremonies of President (WHY?)
Judiciary Act of 1789
Section 25 /Fed. Appeal of State decision
Federal law remains “LAW of the LAND”
Cabinet (Advise the Pres.)
Thomas Jefferson - Sec. of State
Alexander Hamilton - Sec. of Treasury
Economic Issues (Hamilton)
National Bank Debate
Issue Paper $ / Tax Receipts / Government Funds

10. Will the Ex. Branch enforce the law?
Huge War Debt
(federal gov’t will take over the states war debts – South NOT pleased)
New Capital Compromise (D.C. – South)
Pierre L’Enfant / Benjamin Banneker
Protective Tariff of 1789
Tax on Imports / Protects US Jobs
Whiskey Tax of 1791 (NW frontier)
Whiskey Rebellion 1794 (1st test)
Will the Ex. Branch enforce the law?
Washington “enforces” the law (1st Test of the Constitution)

11. How do the 1st Political Parties Develop?

12. UNIT 3 TEST Articles of Confederation Constitutional Convention
New Nation (Federalist Era)
Washington’s Presidency
Adam’s Presidency

13. “FEDERALIST ERA”
6-1 Notes *continued Hamilton / Jefferson Notes * Adam’s Presidency

14. Federalist Anti-Federalist
Alexander Hamilton -Federalist
Rich,Educated High voting stand.
Strong Central Gov -some restrictions -bigger gov’t
Trade, Manuf., etc..
Government Direct -National Bank Gov’t give aid Internal Taxes
Thomas Jefferson -Republican
Common people low voting stand.
Weak Cent. Gov’t individual rights smaller gov’t
Agricultural
Individuals Create -NO gov’t aid NO national bank NO internal taxes
Federalist
Anti-Federalist

15. Amendments to the Constitution
Loose Interpretation of Constitution (Liberal)
Bankers, merchants, professional people, wealthy farmers
New England & North Eastern States
Oppose French Revolution
should support England (War)
Strict Interpretation of Constitution (Conservative)
Artisans, craftsman, shopkeepers, small farmers, NW frontier settlers
South, New Frontier Territories (NW)
Support French Revolution
Should support France (War)
Amendments
to the Constitution

16. French Revolution (divided opinions)
Federalist (oppose) Republican (support)
Neutrality position (War – Fr./Eng.)
Both England/France “Bullying us”
Edmond Genet mission (France)
John Jay’s Treaty – England (Americans Object - angry) A. Hamilton - treason
Thomas Pinckney Treaty 1795
Spain opens Miss. River, lands: east of Mississippi and Northern Florida (Alabama, Miss, Tenn. Ky)

17. Government takes new course
Washingtons’s Farewell Address NO - Permanent Foreign Alliances - Political Parties
John Adams (2nd Pres) Federalist
Sectionalism Grows (of the country)
New England
North East
Northwest Frontier
South

18. NATIONALISM Feelings & Sectionalism Growing North East (NE, NY, NJ, Penn) North West Frontier South (New Territory)
Original 13 Colonies New England Middle Southern

19. Government takes new course
XYZ Affair (France)
“any amount of money for war, but not one penny for tribute”
Federalist Policies QUESTIONED
Alien & Sedition Acts Anti-Republican
Honest Opinion
Free Speech
Freedom of Press

20. Alien & Sedition Acts
Under the threat of war with France, Congress in 1798 passed four laws in an effort to strengthen the Federal government. Known collectively as the Alien and Sedition Acts.
The legislation sponsored by the Federalists was also intended to “quell any political opposition from the Republicans”, led by Thomas Jefferson.

21. Alien & Sedition Acts
The first of the laws was the Naturalization Act, passed by Congress on June 18. This act required that aliens be residents for 14 years instead of 5 years before they became eligible for U.S. citizenship.
Congress then passed the Alien Act on June 25, authorizing the President to deport aliens "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States" during peacetime.
The third law, the Alien Enemies Act, was enacted by Congress on July 6. This act allowed the wartime arrest, imprisonment and deportation of any alien subject to an enemy power.

22. Alien & Sedition Acts
The last of the laws, the Sedition Act, passed on July 14 declared that any treasonable activity, including the publication of "any false, scandalous and malicious writing," was a high misdemeanor, punishable by fine and imprisonment.
By virtue of this legislation 25 men, most of them editors of Republican newspapers, were arrested and their newspapers forced to shut down.

23. One of the men arrested was Benjamin Franklin's grandson, Benjamin Franklin Bache, editor of the Philadelphia Democrat-Republican Aurora. Charged with libeling President Adams, Bache's arrest erupted in a public outcry against all of the Alien and Sedition Acts.
Many Americans questioned the constitutionality of these laws. Indeed, public opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts was so great that they were in part responsible for the election of Thomas Jefferson, a Republican, to the presidency in 1800.
Once in office, Jefferson pardoned all those convicted under the Sedition Act, while Congress restored all fines paid with interest.

24. Government takes new course
Alien & Sedition Acts (Anti-Republican)
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
Thomas Jefferson / James Madison
NULLIFICATION THEORY
STATES can declares laws UNCONSTITUTIONAL (IGNORE Federal Law)
hereby declare, that the acts aforesaid, are unconstitutional; and that the necessary and proper measures will be taken by each, for co-operating with this state, in maintaining the Authorities, Rights, and Liberties, referred to the States respectively, or to the people.

25. John Marshall (Federalist)
Chief Justice of Supreme Court
EXPANDS the power of Federal Gov’t
Jefferson (R)- Adams (F) Election (1800) Power is transferred w/o Fight (2nd Test)

26. UNIT 3 TEST Articles of Confederation Constitutional Convention
New Nation (Federalist Era)
Washington’s Presidency
Adam’s Presidency

27. UNIT 3 TEST Articles of Confederation Northwest Territories
State Constitutions created
Political Problems
Economic Problems
Foreign Problems
Northwest Territories
Who decides? National or States
1785 Land Ordinance
What are provisions
1878 Northwest Ordinance
Becomes model for new territories / states
Articles of Confederation (weaknesses)
Legislative Branch (13 Representatives)
Limited legislative powers
NO Executive (enforce laws)
NO Judicial (interpret laws)
NO settle disputes between states
Could NOT
Tax / Recruit Army /Regulate Trade or Commerce
Could print money, but so could 13 states
Debtors v. Creditors Problems (taxes)
Taxes to pay debts (lose farms)
Print money (Cheap Money-Inflation)
Daniel Shay’s Rebellion

28. UNIT 3 TEST Constitutional Convention
Philadelphia (Constitutional) Convention
May (Who – What – How – Why )
Republic - define
National View v. State View Chart pg. 142
(Federalist) (Anti-Federalist)
Virginia Plan (big) James Madison
Bicameral, Checks & Balances
New Jersey Plan
Unicameral, “law of the land”
Great Compromise (Roger Sherman)
House of Rep. (population) BIG
Senate (2 per state) SMALL
James Madison’s Role in the Convention
George Washington’s Role in convention
Federalism (share power between national and state)
Reserved Powers (states)
Delegated Powers (national)
Three Fifths Compromise
Slave Trade Compromise (1808)
Electoral College - define
Amending the Constitution (how)
2/3 Congress or 3/4 States
Ratifying the Constitution
State Constitutional Conventions
Federalists (who – what did they want)
Anti-Federalist (who – what did they want)
The Federalist Papers (Alexander Hamilton and others)
- what impact did they play in ratification?
The Bill of Rights added (1791) WHY?
THE CONSTITUTION
Separation of Powers (between the 3 branches of national government)
Checks & Balance System
Judicial Review 1+1+1=3
Federal Law is the Law of the Land
Judiciary Act of 1789 (section 25)

29. UNIT 3 TEST Washington’s Presidency John Adams Presidency
Washington’s Cabinet appointments (who)
-Sec. of * War * Attorney General * State * Treasury
Federal Judiciary built and completed (acts)
-Judiciary Act of 1789
Hamilton’s Financial System (What did he do?)
1) National Bank
2) War Debts
3) Protective Tariff
4) Excise Tax
Development of American Party system
Hamilton v. Jefferson VIEWS CHART
(You MUST know each of the views)
Whiskey Excise Tax (NW Frontier Farmers)
Whiskey Rebellion
- 1st Test of the Constitution (why)
Neutrality Proclamation
- What Foreign Policy Issues?
Washington’s Farewell Address
NO - permanent foreign alliances
- political parties
John Adams Presidency
Thomas Pickney Treaty
Lower Mississippi Territories become US
Sectionalism Grows (what and how)
“XYZ” Affair (Who, What, Impact)
Alien and Sedition Acts (? Constitutional ?)
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
- Thomas Jefferson & James Madison
Nullification Theory and States Rights Arguement
John Marshall (Supreme Court)
Jefferson Election (1800)
2nd Test of the Constitution