1. CHAPTER 13 Broken Bonds 1855 – 1861 “I will say, then, that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races (applause); that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people.... And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be the position of superior and inferior, and I as much as any other man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race.” Abraham Lincoln September 1858, Charleston, Illinois

2. Overview

4. Overview (continued)

6. Chronology 1832 Nullification Crisis 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; Zachary Taylor; "free-soilers" 1850 Compromise of 1850; American "know nothing" movement; Millard Fillmore president 1851 Northern reaction to the Fugitive Slave Law; Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Franklin Pierce elected president 1854 Ostend Manifesto; Kansas-Nebraska Act; treaty renegotiations; Republican Party begins 1855 William Walker’s "filibuster" in Nicaragua 1856 Looting of Lawrence, Kansas; John Brown’s Pottawatomie massacre; Buchanan president 1857 Dred Scott decision; Buchanan accepts proslavery Lecompton constitution; Panic 1858 Congress rejects Lecompton constitution; Lincoln-Douglas 1859 John Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry 1860 4 candidates for president; Lincoln’s election; S. secession 1861 6 additional "deep South" states secede; Confederate States formed, Lincoln takes

7. Chapter Review Define popular sovereignty and explain how the political parties of the mid-nineteenth century used it to shape their particular political agendas. Explain how events in Kansas contributed to problems for the Democratic Party. Describe the political issues surrounding the Dred Scott case and the significance of the subsequent Supreme Court decision. Briefly explain the various Southern viewpoints on the issue of slavery in the 1850s. Explain the political positions of Stephen A. Douglas and Abraham Lincoln on the eve of their 1858 debate series. Explain the significance of the 1860 presidential election. Why did the deep South secede from the U.S.?

8. Concepts Harper’s Ferry, John Brown, Robert E. Lee William Walker, filibuster Yeoman Border ruffians Charles Sumner Bleeding Kansas James Buchanan Roger B. Taney, Dred Scott case Abraham Lincoln Lincoln-Douglas debates Fort Sumter

9. I. North and South Collide White South uses variety of arguments to justify slavery, while critics of slavery point to economic “backwardness” Popular sovereignty and Kansas-Nebraska Act bring violence to nation Republican party vows to halt spread of slavery Dred Scott case clarifies differences within country

10. The New York City torchlight meeting of the “Know-Nothings” or the American Party in Nov. 1855

11. Ripon, Wisconsin schoolhouse where Republicans first met

12. John C. Fremont, first Republican candidate for president, US Senator from California

13. Dred Scott Dred Scott and his wife Harriet are portrayed here with their children as an average middle- class family, an image that fueled Northern opposition to the Supreme Court’s 1857 decision that denied both Scott’s freedom and his citizenship. Courtesy of Library of Congress

14. Dred and Harriet Scott. He argued his residency in Wisconsin made both of them free.

15. Chief Justice Roger Taney, primary author of the Dred Scott Decision of 1857.

16. Kansas-Nebraska and the Slavery Issue

17. Election of 1856 ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

19. Democrat James Buchanan, elected president in 1856.

20. II. American Society in Crisis Panic of 1857 spurs religious revival Kansas remains cauldron of unrest 1858 senatorial elections bring Abraham Lincoln to attention of Republican leaders John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry polarizes nation

21. John Brown’s “fort” at Harper’s Ferry

22. The arraignment of John Brown at Charles Town, West Virginia

23. John Brown John Brown, wounded during his raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, lies on a cot during his trial for murder and treason in Charlestown, Virginia, in 1859.The Granger Collection, New York

24. Path of Lincoln-Douglas debates ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

25. Scene of 5 th Lincoln – Douglas debate

26. Springfield, Illinois street where Lincoln had his law office.

27. Lincoln’s home in Springfield, Illinois

28. Lincoln’s kitchen in Springfield, Illinois

29. III. The North and South Call Each Other’s Bluff Republican Lincoln wins North and wins 1860 election, splitting nation even more South Carolina chooses secession and urges other states to follow

30. The Election of 1860 The election returns from 1860 vividly illustrate the geography of sectionalism.

31. Election of 1860 ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

33. Abraham Lincoln in 1860

34. Stephen Douglas, the “Little Giant”

35. IV. The First Secession Lincoln’s inaugural address clarifies his position but fails to satisfy South Attempts to relieve Fort Sumter draw fire and plunge country into war

36. Fort Sumter

39. Confederate Soldiers at Pensacola against Fort Pickens

42. The Road to Disunion North-South Differences John Brown’s Raid The Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln, Stephen Douglas and John C. Breckinridge, Constitutional Party John Bell Secession Begins Presidential Inaction Peace Proposals John C. Crittenden, Jan. 1861 and former pres. John Tyler in Feb. 1861 – Crittenden wanted to extend Missouri Compromise line through CA but South disinterested Lincoln’s Views on Secession

43. Election of 1860 and Southern Secession