1. TRANSAKSI DAN E-DAGANG
Bab 5
TRANSAKSI DAN
E-DAGANG

2. E-Dagang
E-Perniagaan
Perdagangan bergerak (Mobile Commerce)
Pertukaran Data Elektronik
Mekanisme Pembayaran

3. Internet
Rangkaian luas sedunia yg menggunakan model pengkomputeran pelayan/pelanggan dan model rujukan TCP/IP
Merupakan cara yang berkesan bagi individu dan organisasi utk menawarkan maklumat dan produk melalui antaramuka pengguna grafik web mudah guna diseluruh dunia

4. Faedah Internet kepada Organisasi
Kebersambungan dan capaian global
Mengurangkan kos komunikasi
Kos urusniaga yang lebih rendah
Mengurangkan kos agensi
Interaktif, anjal, dan penyesuaian
Mempercepatkan pengedaran pengetahuan

5. Internet & Perdagangan Elektronik
Internet menyediakan satu set teknologi yg sedia ada untuk perdagangan elektronik yg boleh digunakan utk mewujudkan laman-laman baru bagi pasaran, jualan dan sokongan pelanggan dan menghapuskan orang tengah semasa urusan jual beli.

6. Model-model Perniagaan Internet
KATEGORI
CONTOH
Kedai hadapan maya
Amazon.com, Virtual Vineyards, Security First, Network Bank
Penumpu tempat elektronik
Internet mail, DealerNet, Industrial Marketplace, InsureMarket
Broker maklumat
PartNet, Travelocity, Auto-by-Tel
Broker transaksi
E*Trade, Ameritrade
Rumah penjelasan elektronik
Bid.com, OnSale
Lelongan elektronik
Priceline.com
Penghantaran produk digital
Build-a-Card, PhotoDisc, Sonic Net
Penyedia kandungan
Wall Street Journal, Interactive, Quote.com, Tripod
Penyedia khidmat secara tahan
Cyber Media, Tune Up.com

7. E-Commerce

8. E-Commerce Doing business online
The online process of developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing, and paying for products & services transacted on internetworked, global marketplaces of customers, with the support of a worldwide network of business partners.
More than on-line shopping, encompasses other business activities

9. Categories of Electronic Commerce
Business-to-customer (B2C): Retailing of products and services directly to individual customers
Business-to-business (B2B): Sales of goods and services among businesses
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C): Individuals use Web for private sales or exchange

10. Location is not a factor
B2C
Location is not a factor
Must build customer satisfaction, loyalty, & relationships
Success factors
Selection and value
Offer a good selection of attractive products and services
Build a reputation for high quality, guaranteed satisfaction, and top customer support
Performance and service
Site must be efficiently designed for ease of access, shopping, and buying
Service must be friendly and helpful

11. B2C Success factors Look and feel Advertising and incentives
Attractive storefront, shopping areas, and multimedia product catalogs
Advertising and incentives
Targeted, personalized ads
Incentives include
Coupons, Discounts, Special offers, Vouchers for other web services
Personal attention
Encourages customers to buy and make return visits
Welcomed by name, Greeted with special offers
Guided to the parts of the site that you are most interested in
Relationship building
Shopping.msn.com

12. B2C Success factors Community relationship Security and reliability
a feeling of belonging to a unique community
Virtual communities
Discussion forums, Newsgroups, Chat rooms, Message boards
Cross-links to related web communities
Security and reliability
Customers must feel confident regarding the security of their…
Credit card, Personal information, Transaction details
Must feel that you are dealing with a trustworthy business.
Reliability: information asymmetry

13. The wholesale and supply side of the commercial process
B2B
The wholesale and supply side of the commercial process
Businesses buy, sell, or trade with other businesses
Includes…
Electronic data interchange
Electronic funds transfer

14. Benefits to the Consumer
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Benefits to the Consumer
Cost/
Sweater
Manufacturer
Distributor
Retailer
Customer
$48.50
$40.34
$20.45

15. Electronic Commerce Information Flows

16. E-Commerce Revenue Model
How is google making money?
How is yahoo making money?
How is amazon.com making money?
How is 50below.com making money?

17. How is google making money?
How is amazon.com making money?
How is 50below.com making money?

18. E-business

19. E BUSINESS
The use of nearly any information technologies or systems to support the business.
The use of Internet technologies to internetwork and empower business processes, Electronic commerce, and, Enterprise communication & collaboration within a company & with its customers, suppliers, & other business stakeholders.
Is not synonymous with e-commerce. It is much broader in scope, going beyond transactions to signify the use of the internet. Any type of business activities.

20. Benefits of Intranet
Connectivity: accessible from most computing platforms
Can be tied to internal corporate systems and core transaction databases
Can create interactive applications
Scalable to larger or smaller computing platforms

21. Easy-to-use, universal Web interface Low start-up costs
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Benefits of Intranets
Easy-to-use, universal Web interface
Low start-up costs
Richer, more responsive information environment
Reduced information distribution costs

22. Finance and accounting Human resources Sales and marketing
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Functional Applications of Intranet
Finance and accounting
Human resources
Sales and marketing
Manufacturing and production

23. Functional Applications of Intranets
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Functional Applications of Intranets
Figure 4-8

24. General ledger reporting Project costing Annual reports Budgeting
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Finance and Accounting
General ledger reporting
Project costing
Annual reports
Budgeting

25. Company Employees On-line publishing of corporate policy
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Human Resources
Company
On-line publishing of corporate policy
Job postings and internal job transfers
Company telephone directories, and training
Employees
Healthcare
Employee savings
Competency tests

26. Promotional campaigns Sales presentations Sales contracts
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Sales and Marketing
Competitor analysis
Price updates
Promotional campaigns
Sales presentations
Sales contracts

27. Maintenance schedules Design specifications Machine outputs
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM
Manufacturing and Production
Quality measurements
Maintenance schedules
Design specifications
Machine outputs
Order tracking

28. Mobile Commerce

29. Mobile commerce (m-commerce):
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
M-Commerce and Next Generation Marketing
Mobile commerce (m-commerce):
Wireless devices used to conduct both business-to-consumer and business-to-business e-commerce transactions over the Internet
Extend personalization by delivering new value-added services directly to customers at any time and place

30. Customer Personalization
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Customer Personalization
Figure 4-4

31. Electronic Data Interchange

32. Electronic Data Interchange
Enables the computer-to computer exchange between two organizations of standard transaction
Examples:
Transactions are through the network, eliminating the printing and handling of paper at one end and the inputting of data at the other

33. Business-To-Business Electronic Commerce
Automation of purchase, sale transactions
from business to business
Private industrial networks (private exchanges): Coordination between companies for efficient supply chain management and collaborative activities
The network is owned by the buyer and it permits the firm and designated suppliers, distributors and others business partners to share product design and development, marketing and others
Ritu, plz check the content

34. A Private Industrial Network
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
A Private Industrial Network
Figure 4-5

35. Net marketplaces: On-line marketplaces, point-to-point connections, integrated information
Also called e-hubs : provide a single digital marketplace based on Internet technology for many different buyers and sellers
more transaction oriented than private industrial network, generating revenue from purchase and sale transactions and other services provided to clients

36. A Net Marketplace Figure 4-6
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
A Net Marketplace
Figure 4-6

37. Electronic Payment Processes

38. Electronic Payment Processes
Processes are complex
Near anonymous nature of transactions
Security issues
Wide variety of debit and credit alternatives
Wide variety of financial institutions and intermediaries
Web payment processes
Credit cards
Purchase orders
Electronic shopping chart

39. Electronic Payment Processes
Electronic funds transfer (EFT)
Uses a variety of IT to capture and process money and credit transfers between banks and businesses and their customers
ATMs
Pay-by-phone
Web-based
PayPal & Bill Point (cash transfers)
CheckFree and PayTrust (automatic bill paying services)
Electronic bill payment
Point-of-sale terminals linked to bank EFT systems

40. Electronic Commerce Payment Systems

41. CIGNA.com Enterprise Portal
Introduction
What is Enterprise Information Portal?
Benefit
CIGNA.com Enterprise Portal
About CIGNA
Benefits
Recommendation

42. Introduction What is Enterprise Information Portal?
The Enterprise Information Portal (EIP) is a concept for a Web site that serves as a single gateway to a company's information and knowledge base for employees and possibly for customers, business partners, and the general public as well
In one model, an EIP is made up of these elements:
Access/Search,
Categorization,
Collaboration,
Personalization,
Expertise and profiling,
Application integration,
Security
Access/search: Access/search allows a user to get all the information needed (but no more) in the desired context. For example, a loan officer does not need marketing information to approve a loan. An EIP makes sure the loan officer gets only the information needed.
Categorization: An EIP categorizes all information so that it is delivered to the user within the context needed (think of the subject structure on Yahoo)
Collaboration: An EIP allows individuals to collaborate regardless of geographical location.
Personalization: The information provided to individuals using an EIP is personalized to that person?s role, preferences, and habits.
Expertise and profiling: Expertise and profiling is essential for the collaboration element of an EIP. Individuals within an enterprise are profiled according to their experience and competencies. If an individual needs to collaborate with others, he can choose those that are qualified for the project.
Application integration: This allows individuals to deliver, access, and share information regardless of applications used.
Security: This provides information to users based on security clearance. The user logs on and is given access only to information that the user is authorized to access

43. Benefits of Portals Increase Productivity and Efficiency
Integrate information and applications in central location with single and simple User Interface (UI).
Eliminate info glut through centralized organization and clean presentation.
Speed revisioning, improve time-to-market through closer collaboration.
Increase Employee Satisfaction
Provide self-service access to benefits info, company news, employee directory, training, IT helpdesk, travel booking;
Find information fast — better UI, personalization.
Improve Communication and Collaboration
Cost-effective platform for corporate communications, company/industry news;
Speed decision-making, work across functions and geographies;
Eliminate redundant processes, preventable mistakes.

44. Benefits of Portals Reduce Costs Create New Revenue Opportunities
Reduce demands on IT, administrative costs of redundant processes;
Save money from printing and distribution by publishing directly to the intranet;
Roll out new applications and services faster without associated training costs.
Create New Revenue Opportunities
Build and foster customer relationships;
Increase sales through new direct channel;
Offer "sticky" services that build loyalty within existing customer base

45. About CIGNA.com
CIGNA was formed in 1982 through the combination of INA Corporation and Connecticut General Corporation. Our name mixes the letters INA and CG together. Today, CIGNA's service mark, the Tree of Life, symbolizes the corporation's culture, mission and products. Like a strong and healthy tree, CIGNA has deep roots
For more than 125 years, the CIGNA companies have been helping people lead healthier, more secure lives. CIGNA Corporation's subsidiaries are leading providers of employee benefits in the United States. Their products and services include managed and indemnity health care coverage; group life, accident and disability insurance; retirement services; and investment management. They also offer life insurance and employee benefits in selected international markets.

46. CIGNA.com

47. Benefits of CIGNA.com Improved Customer Satisfaction
With the personalization and self-service capabilities of the portal, CIGNA plan participants can manage their retirement plans and access their health care information online.
Instantly review medical and dental claims to better manage their health plans
Perform online transactions, such as ordering medications or choosing a doctor
Manage their retirement and investment accounts, including view balance details, move 401(k) funds between accounts and change contributions
Access a consolidated, interactive snapshot of their investment plans
Receive personalized health and investment

48. Questions

49. Thanks You