1. 200 million years agoPresent day When mountains disappear where do they go? …and why it matters to you!

2. Goals Cycles – what your textbook ISN’T telling you Study graphs from scientific article & draw conclusions Give you real data to graph & draw conclusions

3. biogeochemistry

4. The Water Cycle Image: Campbell, N. and J. Reece. AP Edition Biology. 7 th Ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

5. The Carbon Cycle V Organic Image: Campbell, N. and J. Reece. AP Edition Biology. 7 th Ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

6. 200 million years ago Mountain matter movement Images: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_Everest_as_seen_from_Drukair2_PLW_edit.jpg, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Appalachian_Mountains.jpg, http://www.dec.ny.gov/education/92668.html Present day Weathering

7. Limestone, not your average rock Image: http://www.orionstonewholesale.com/lake-michigan-limestone/, www.tums.com Limestone = calcium carbonate = CaCO 3 = Inorganic C What happens to the carbon?!

8. What does this limestone business have to do with us Michiganders?

9. Reason #1: The world’s largest limestone quarry Images: Google maps.

10. Limestone = calcium carbonate Coccolithophore – marine phytoplankton Coral reef Tube-building marine worm Mollusc Nautilus “inorganic” carbon Reason #1 (con’t) why is there limestone in Michigan? 300 million years ago

11. Reason #2: Row crop agriculture Images: KBS LTER/Julie Doll & http://nolandfarms.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Lime-pile-@-Duanes.jpg. “Lime” = crushed limestone (CaCO 3 ) AKA calcite or crushed dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) Lime buffers soil pH

12. CO 2 + NO 3 - + Ca 2+ HNO 3 N fertilizer CO 2 Ca 2+ + 2HCO 3 - H 2 CO 3 Export to streams Ca 2+, NO 3 - Export to streams Ca 2+, HCO 3 - Lime CaCO 3 CO 2 source CO 2 sink Respiration by roots & microbes Lime weathering buffers (tummy &) soil pH Image: Bonnie McGill, tums.com

13. Mississippi River Basin (watershed) Image: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-076-02/ Dr. Peter Raymond

14. A B HCO 3 - concentration (mg C/L) C Total mass of HCO 3 - exported (10 3 g/yr)

15. 1953 Ohio River Mississippi River Rainfall Ohio River Mississippi River 2003 More rainfall & tile drains More rainfall & tile drains Ohio River Mississippi River

16. 1 mL = 20 mg C / L 1 mL = 10 mg C / L More rainfall ? ? 1 mL = 20 mg C / L 0.5 L - 1.0 L - EXPORT: 20 mg/L * 0.5 L = 10 mg 10 mg/L * 1 L = 10 mg 20 mg/L * 1 L = 20 mg ?

17. A B HCO 3 - concentration (mg C/L) C Total mass of HCO 3 - exported (10 3 g/yr)

18. 1.Why is the alkalinity not being diluted by the increased water? 2.What else has changed in the Mississippi watershed since 1953?

19. Graphing steps 1.Plot points. 2.Use ruler to draw trend line. 3.Give your graph a title. 4.What conclusions can you draw from the graph?

21. Conclusions 2.Whether weathering mountains, liming ag soils or eating TUMS: C is neither created nor destroyed, it enters a different phase—dissolved HCO 3 - or CO 2 gas—of the C cycle. 3.Ecosystem ecology is the study of natural processes (such as weathering) and cycles (such as C cycle) at large scales (such as the Mississippi River Basin). 1.Agricultural lime is both a source of CO 2 to the atmosphere and a sink for C (as HCO 3 - or alkalinity in water).

22. This lesson was brought to you by the KBS GK-12 Partnership. For more information go to: http://kbsgk12project.kbs.msu.edu/lessons/ http://kbsgk12project.kbs.msu.edu/lessons/