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MATTER: MIXTURES AND ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
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You will distinguish between physical and chemical properties You will classify matter by composition. You will explain the fundamental law of the conservation of mass WHAT YOU’LL LEARN
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A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties This is a physical blending, not a chemical blending. Composition of the mixture can vary Can be physically separated MIXTURES
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Heterogeneous Mixture- one that does not blend smoothly throughout and which the individual substances remain distinct Examples: Sand and Water, Oil and Water, Cement Homogeneous Mixture (Solutions)- has constant composition throughout; it always has a single phase Examples: salt water, vinegar, alloys HETEROGENEOUS VS. HOMOGENOUS
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Magnet Filter Decant Evaporation Centrifuge Chromatography Distillation METHODS OF SEPARATING MIXTURES
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A technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid FILTRATION
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A technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of substances DISTILLATION
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A technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance CRYSTALLIZATION
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A technique that separates the components of a mixture on the basis of the tendency of each to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material CHROMATOGRAPHY
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Elements- are the simplest form of matter that can exist under NORMAL laboratory conditions Cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means Are the building blocks for all other --substances Compounds- are substances that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical means ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
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Elements comprising compounds combine in definite proportions Regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS WaterMethane
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Percent by Mass- the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound as a percentage PERCENT BY MASS
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A 78.0g sample of an unknown compound contains 12.4 g of hydrogen. What is the percent by mass of hydrogen in the compound? PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.9% Hydrogen
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MORE PRACTICE MaterialPure Substance or Mixture Element, Compound, Homogeneous, Heterogeneous Limestone (CaCO 3 ) Air Bronze Copper Sugar + water Concrete Pure Water Caffeine
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MaterialPure Substance or Mixture Element, Compound, Homogeneous, Heterogeneous Limestone (CaCO 3 )PURE SUBSTANCECOMPOUND AirMIXTUREHOMOGENEOUS BronzeMIXTUREHOMOGENEOUS CopperPURE SUBSTANCEELEMENT Sugar + waterMIXTUREHOMOGENEOUS ConcreteMIXTUREHETEROGENEOUS Pure WaterPURE SUBSTANCECOMPOUND CaffeinePURE SUBSTANCECOMPOUND MORE PRACTICE!
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SUMMARY MATTE R Matter Substance Definite composition (homogeneous) Substance Definite composition (homogeneous) Element (Examples: iron, sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, silver) Element (Examples: iron, sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, silver) Mixture of Substances Variable composition Mixture of Substances Variable composition Compound (Examples: water. iron sulfide, methane, aluminum, silicate) Compound (Examples: water. iron sulfide, methane, aluminum, silicate) Homogeneous mixture Uniform throughout, also called a solution (Examples: air, tap water, gold alloy) Homogeneous mixture Uniform throughout, also called a solution (Examples: air, tap water, gold alloy) Heterogeneous mixture Nonuniform distinct phases (Examples: soup, concrete, granite) Heterogeneous mixture Nonuniform distinct phases (Examples: soup, concrete, granite) Chemically separable Physically separable
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Read Oobleck Lab-There will be a QUIZ before the lab over what you will be doing! Make sure you bring the lab back-you will not receive another one. =) Book work: PAGE 69: 15-17 PAGE 76: 21-23 PAGE 77: 25-27, 30 HOMEWORK =)
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Work on Classifying Matter Worksheet If you finish-read Oobleck Lab FOR THE REMAINDER OF CLASS
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