1. Magnetized Strange- Quark-Matter at Finite Temperature July 18, 2012 Latin American Workshop on High-Energy-Physics: Particles and Strings MSc. Ernesto López Fune Institute of Cybernetics Mathematics and Physics (ICIMAF)

2. Motivation Extension to finite temperature environments of Phys. Rev. C 77, 015807 (2008). Study the thermodynamical parameters of SQM under strong magnetic fields.

3. Introduction Neutron stars as the final stage of massive stars result from Super Nova explosions. – First discovery by Jocelyn Bell in 1967. – Since then, around (or more) 1000 have been discovered. Main features: – Fast spinning compact objects – Periods of milliseconds – Strong magnetic fields – Small radius:10 km – High densities: – Low temperatures

4. Introduction Several astrophysical observations discovered unusual neutron stars. – Properties non explicable by canonic neutron star models. Main features: – Anomalous X-rays explosions – Faster spinning compact objects – Very strong magnetic fields – Smaller radius: 6 km – Higher densities: – Low temperatures Quark stars are proposed. Itoh, Prog.Theor. Phys. 44,291(1970).

5. Introduction !!B-W-T’s Conjecture: at T = 0, P = 0 and finite density!! SQM: stable phase of nuclear matter; made by deconfined quarks u, d and s with electrons. ¿SQM contradict daily experience? !!times comparable with the age of the Universe!!

6. Introduction !!B-W-T’s Conjecture: at T = 0, P = 0 and finite density!! SQM: stable phase of nuclear matter; made by deconfined quarks u, d y s. !!times comparable with the age of the Universe!! ¿SQM contradict daily experience?

7. Introduction Standard Model of Particle Physics. Leptons + Quarks = spin-½ fermions: building blocks. Leptons: Quarks = u, d, s, c, t, b. Barions = q + q + q. Mesons = q + q QCD Asymptotic Freedom Color Confinement SU(3)

8. Introduction Color Confinement (  1 GeV)  Non-linear Eqs. Lattice Models  Lattice QCD Phenomenological Models – NJL---- Dynamic – MIT Bag Model---- Static QCD Phase Transition Hadron gas QGP T c = 170 MeV

9. MIT Bag Model in S For low baryon numbers, it leads to a liquid drop model formalism Multiple Reflection Expansion Method

10. Termodynamical potential MIT Bag Model bulksurfacecurvature gluons QCD Vacuum Corrections: Bulk Surface Curvature R. Balian, C. Bloch, Annals Phys. 60, 401 (1970) Berger and Jaffe, Phys Rev C 35 213 (1987), 44 566 E (1991). Madsen Phys Rev D 50 3328 (1994)

11. MIT Bag Model Magnetized strangelets at finite temperature: J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys 39 (2012) 045006.

12. MIT Bag Model Magnetized strangelets at finite temperature: J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys 39 (2012) 045006.

13. Magnetic field Constant Magnetic field in z-direction. Particle’s Spectrum Landau levelsSpin projections High density compact objects endowed with strong magnetic fields

14. Termodynamic limit bulk gluons QCD Vacuum Magnetic field

15. Anisotropic presures Magnetic field Spatial isotropy broken by the magnetic field For B<6 10 18 G

16. Results: Beta-equilibrium Fixed Baryonic density Local electric charge neutrality Conditions on MSQM similarly to Astrophysics environments

27. Electron’s density is decimated in the strong field regime. This induces a transversal collapse of the local volume. Temperature increase the s quarks formation. Ferromagnetic-diamagnetic behavior expected is obtained. Stable MSQM at low temperatures. BWT conjecture proved. The transversal pressure is dominated first by s quarks, then by gluons. The transversal pressure minimum depends on the density. Conclusions

28. !!MUCHAS GRACIAS!! !!THANKS SO MUCH!! !!GRAZIE MILLE!!