1. Community Policing. Mr Sarmad Saeed Khan Additional IG Training
Community Policing Mr Sarmad Saeed Khan Additional IG Training Punjab Police

2. COMMUNITY POLICING

3. SEQUENCE OF PRESENTATION
PART I Conceptual basis of community policing
PART II Experience in Pakistan
PART III Comparison of community policing models
PART IV Role of women in community policing
PART V Impediments in implementation
PART VI Group activity

4. PART I
CONCEPTUAL BASIS

5. DEFINING COMMUNITY POLICING
“Community policing is a philosophy and an organizational strategy that promotes a new partnership between people and their police. It is based on the premise that both the police and the community must work together as equal partners to identify, prioritize, and solve contemporary problems such as crime, drugs, fear of crime, social and physical disorder, and overall neighborhood decay, with the goal of improving the overall quality of life in the area.”
Trojanowicz
Like every society is unique in its make up, there is no one definition of community policing. It is not a legal term but a philosophy, therefore it can be and has been defined many ways. Presently two terms are being used: community policing and community oriented policing. These two terms are being envisaged synonymous but in my personal opinion there is a difference of the level of empowerment and participation that is extended to the citizenry. Community policing should denote ‘policing by the community’ (of course with help of the second partner, that is, government or police) and equal partnership between the police and the public. ‘Community oriented policing’ on the other hand means serving the community which is the primary goal of every police service but it does not imply direct involvement of the public in problems solving. The term ‘fear of crime’ is being frequently used in the contemporary literature of criminology which means that despite prevalence of crime people are not disproportionately scared. When people are involved with the police in dealing with crime and causes of crime, they feel less apprehensive because fear of unknown is always greater than the known. In USA and Europe history of community policing dates back at the most to three decades but for us it is not a new concept but reverting back to good old traditions when communities were like mega families; inhabitants of a village or residential block knew each other and informal social controls were in place. With passage of time commercialism and materialism replaced traditions and value system. Rural to urban migration caused social disorganization and money became the sole criterion for nobility. In new housing societies and the sub-urban areas people from various part of the country have started living. Inhabitants do not know even the next door neighbor. Research has proved that increase in social disorganization is directly proportional to incidence of crime.

6. BENEFITS OF COMMUNITY POLICING
No government funds are required
Enhances immunity against crime and disorder
Assists traditional policing
Bridges the gap of trust
Encourages social interactions
Police and public share credit and discredit
Police officer feels safe in his area of responsibility
Reliable and workable information is available
Inculcates sense of responsibility in the public
Police and the public are accountable to each other
Promotes democratic values in the society

7. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
“Once the community is convinced that the new system will help them in achieving better quality of life, they will not hesitate to offer their active cooperation.”
HAZRAT ALI

8. FOR COMMUNITY POLICING
ENVIRONMENT
FOR COMMUNITY POLICING
“Community policing does not work for every community. Participation appears much more likely in homogeneous, low-crime, middle-class neighborhoods.”
(John Ellison)
REF: John Ellison “Community Policing Implementation Issues”
FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, The FindArticles.com. 26 Sep, 2011

9. LIMITATIONS OF TRADITIONAL POLICING It is resource hungry
Centralization dampens initiative
Experts make blanket policies
Efficiency measured by statistics
The warrior image
Customs and values disconnect
Creates a ‘force’ and not a ‘service’
The US and THEM environment

10. COMMUNITY POLICING Community policing is a philosophy
Police + Public + Government
Changing mindsets of public and police
Social work + law enforcement
Reverting back to good old traditions
Returning the responsibility back

11. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PUBLIC
“…the public order depends essentially upon the responsibility of every member of the community within the law to prevent offences and to arrest offenders. The magisterial and police organization is set up to enforce, control and assist this general responsibility.”
Police Rules XX1.1

12. PART II
EXPERIENCE IN PAKISTAN

14. CRITERIA FOR MEMBERS OF A CPC
Non-political
Non-controversial personality
No criminal record
Having impeccable reputation
From all groups of the community
Able to devote time

15. WORKING OF COMMUNITY POLICE
COMMITTEES
Office located in a private building
Ten to thirty members
Coordinator and Deputy Coordinator
Proceedings of all meetings are documented
Standard registers are maintained
Union Council, Tehsil and District Committees
Police officers attached at UC and Tehsil level
Meetings are convened by the Coordinators

16. MANDATE OF COMMITTEES Identification and analysis of problems
Advising the police on issues
Dispute resolution if both the parties agree
Arranging neighborhood watch and security
Only moral pressure shall be used
Seek help of the local police if use of force required
Laying information about vice dens and offenders
Arranging awareness seminars and walks
Advising the citizens on issues
Helping police during occasions like muharram

17. DIFFERENT COMMITTEES Core Committee Tehsil Committee,
Scrutiny Committee,
Traffic Control Committee
Anti Narcotic Committee,
Students’ Committee,
Traders’ Committee

18. TEHSIL COMMITTEES Rahimyar Khan 34 Sadiqabad 87 Khanpur 128 Liaqatpur
NUMBER OF COMMITTEES
Till JAN.2003
TEHSIL
COMMITTEES
Rahimyar Khan 34
Sadiqabad 87
Khanpur
128
Liaqatpur 21
TOTAL
270

20. SPECIAL POLICE OFFICERS till January 2003
TEHSIL
NUMBER
Rahimyar Khan 69
Sadiqabad
402
Khanpur 64
Liaqatpur 44
Total
579

21. COMMUNITY POLICING PROGRAMS
Seminars and walks
Seminars for the police
Human Rights training
Visits of educational institutions
Inter-religious task force
School for special children
Information boards on bus-stands
Cable TV 21

22. COMMUNITY POLICING PROGRAMS
Drug Addicts Rehabilitation Center
Police Public School
Character Building Schooling
Free medical camps Center
Disposal of unidentified dead bodies
Citizen Police Liaison Committee
Crisis Management Group
Community Policing Website

23. PART III
COMPARISON

24. COMMUNITY POLICING IN KERALA

25. OBJECTIVES
"It is not a project aimed at bettering the image of the Police. It is also not a project wherein police duties are performed by the citizens. Rather it is a project to professionally strengthen Police and increase its accessibility to the needy public through close interaction with and better understanding of the public. “

26. CRITERIA FOR MEMBERSHIP
Members of Janamaithri Suraksha Samithi should be able to spare time, should not involve in any criminal case. He does not have any statutory powers. Political party members are not included.

27. MEETING OF A SAMITHI
The meeting is convened by the Circle Inspector and SHO is the Secretary Samithi. The meetings shall be attended by the Sub Divisional Police Officer once in every month and by the Superintendent of Police at least once a year. 
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28. COMMUNITY POLICING IN NIGERIA

29. IMPEDIMENTS TO COMMUNITY POLICING
IN NIGERIA
Internal resistance from police officers who benefited from the
traditional policing and who prefer to maintain status quo;
Lack of commitment to the project by implementing officers;
Lack of support from members of the public;
Inadequate support from the government;
Poor welfare packages/incentives for policemen;
Conflict between informal ethnic militia and police
REFERENCE: Dickson, A.Y. (2007) “Community Policing” in Arase, S.E
. and Iwuofor (eds.), Policing Nigeria in the 21st Century, Ibadan,
Spectrum Books.

30. PART IV
ROLE OF WOMEN

32. MISSION OF A POLICE OFFICER
“The traits of ruthlessness and violence which are desired in a Marine are counterproductive to the mission of a police officer.”
Operational Culture for Warfighter: Principles and Applications,
by Salmoni and Holmes-Eber

33. POLICING IS WORSHIPPING
Social Contract Theory
Socially evolved value system
Society made laws and rules
Crime is a social deviation
Social disorganization v/s crime
Police as Social Scientists
Police as Social Workers and Reformers
Police protect haqooq-ul-abad

34. Justice Ali Nawaz Chauhan All Pakistan Legal Decisions 2005
POLICE AS SOCIAL WORKERS
During the period of Hazrat Ali, the ‘shurta’ were
responsible for the following jobs, as well:
suppression of beggary,
control over quackery,
removal of encroachments,
checking and stopping porters
and boatmen from carrying heavy loads.
Justice Ali Nawaz Chauhan
All Pakistan Legal Decisions 2005

35. Justice Ali Nawaz Chauhan All Pakistan Legal Decisions 2005
POLICE AS SOCIAL WORKERS
In France, during the regime of Louis-XV police performed the following jobs, as well:
Construction of welfare projects,
Police established stock exchange of Paris
For providing employment the jobless,
Food supplies,
Inspection of drains,
Cleaning of streets, etc.,
Justice Ali Nawaz Chauhan
All Pakistan Legal Decisions 2005

36. THE WARRIOR IMAGE
“that the warrior image has had a devastating impact on recruiting the right kind of officer. As long as the warrior image remains, policing will draw the wrong kind of applicant, reward the wrong kind of behavior, and fail to provide the kind of services that communities increasingly demand.“
Kimberly A.Lonsway Ph.D
Dismantling the Warrior Image: The Role of Women in Community Policing.

37. TRAITS OF A POLICE OFFICER
Emotional self-awareness,
 Independence,
Interpersonal relationships,
 Empathy,
 Stress tolerance,
Impulse control,
Flexibility,[and]  
 Problem solving
Role of Female Police Officers
Women bring a unique dynamic to policing and female officers are often very competent in many crucial
components of community policing. Agencies across the globe have recognized this and begun to actively
recruit female officers to help support some of these new roles that members are taking on. Women do
extremely well at communicating and they have great interpersonal skills, which can be very helpful
when dealing with situations where victims of crime would feel more comfortable discussing what occurred
with a female officer, perhaps someone they can relate to. Female officers compliment their male partners
and often provide a different perspective. Women are also great problem solvers and often approach and
solve problems from a different angle than their male counterparts. EPS officers recognize these differences
and see them as vital components of a great team! In the end, each gender brings something unique and
valuable to the job. That is why a diverse membership is so important to the EPS.
Operational Culture for Warfighter: Principles and Applications,
Salmoni and Holmes-Eber

38. COMMUNITY POLICE OFFICER
REQUIRED TRAITS OF
COMMUNITY POLICE OFFICER
Above board moral, intellectual and financial integrity
Use of thinking and imagination in problems solving
Ability to act independently and take initiatives
Sensitive to socio-cultural values of community
Intelligence led and knowledge based policing
Sincerity of purpose and commitment
Affable, extrovert, tolerant, empathetic, clairvoyant
Very good in communication skills

39. TRAITS OF A FEMALE POLICE OFFICER
More serious in duty: do not waste their time
Less corrupt financially, morally and intellectually
Interact better with female victims of violence
Can have easy ingress to households
Present softer side of the police
Empathetic and sensitive to human relationship
Very good in communication and problems solving

40. PART V
IMPEDIMENTS

41. PERCEPTION OF A POLICE OFFICER
Perceive it dilution of their powers
Think controlling crime is exclusively a police job
Public will exploit closeness with police
District police officers are too busy to find time
Fancy policing is not going to work
Why to annoy political elite

42. PERCEPTION OF POLITICIANS
Police is not a social service
Serving the people is exclusively their domain
It will distance the public from the politicians
It is their right to be members of such initiatives
The political opponents have no role

43. PERCEPTION OF THE PUBLIC
Maintenance of public order is exclusively police job
Normally police touts join such initiatives
Why to earn enmity with anti-social elements
Police are not serious in serving the community
“What’s in it for me” approach
We do not have free time

44. PART VI
GROUP ACTIVITY

45. BRAINSTORMING SESSION
Time 15 mins
GROUP 1 How to associate Politicians in community policing
without compromising its basic principles?
GROUP 2 What Areas of Importance did we miss in our
initiative to disallow CP to take roots in Pakistan?
GROUP 3 What Problems women police officers may face
in community policing initiatives while working
beside their male colleagues?
GROUP 4 What are the possible areas where women community police officers can contribute for Women Protection and Well-being?

46. THANKS

47. Problems & Solutions

48. ISLAMIC INJUNCTIONS ABOUT WOMEN
INTERPRETATION OF
ISLAMIC INJUNCTIONS ABOUT WOMEN
"Muslims who advance conservative views on female affairs...are normally very literal in their understanding of texts; but they tendentiously opt for an understanding that suits their prejudice.“
Dr. Hassan Al-Turabi
Bachelor in Law
Masters University of London
PhD from Sorbonne, Paris
Speaker of Parliament, Sudan
Minister of Justice, Sudan
Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sudan
Deputy Prime Minister, Sudan

49. SUMMARY Traditional policing focuses on controlling and reacting
Community policing is preventive and proactive
Traditional Policing is centralizing CP is for devolving powers
TP uses brute military power, CP is policing by consent
CP works by decreasing social disorganization
Implementation is easier in low crime homogenous society
Without support of the public police fails to achieve goals
… continued

50. Police are Social Scientists and Social Workers
Policing means protecting the basic rights of citizens
CP is about equal partnership between police and public
It has to be adopted as organizational strategy
It is about changing the mindset of the police and the public
CP and TP augment each other