1. Active Learning Lecture Slides For use with Classroom Response Systems Gathering Data

2. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.1 A scientist was interested in determining if Prilosec or Nexium helped relieve acid reflux symptoms faster. He assigned 30 patients to take Prilosec and 30 patients to take Nexium. Each patient had to keep a diary and record the symptoms they experienced. Is this an observational study or an experiment? a) Observational study b) Experiment

3. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.1 A scientist was interested in determining if Prilosec or Nexium helped relieve acid reflux symptoms faster. He assigned 30 patients to take Prilosec and 30 patients to take Nexium. Each patient had to keep a diary and record the symptoms they experienced. Is this an observational study or an experiment? a) Observational study b) Experiment

4. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.2 A scientist was interested in determining if Prilosec or Nexium helped relieve acid reflux symptoms faster. He assigned 30 patients to take Prilosec and 30 patients to take Nexium. Each patient had to keep a diary and record the symptoms they experienced. What is the explanatory variable? a) 60 patients b) Prilosec and Nexium c) Diary of symptoms d) Diet

5. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.2 A scientist was interested in determining if Prilosec or Nexium helped relieve acid reflux symptoms faster. He assigned 30 patients to take Prilosec and 30 patients to take Nexium. Each patient had to keep a diary and record the symptoms they experienced. What is the explanatory variable? a) 60 patients b) Prilosec and Nexium c) Diary of symptoms d) Diet

6. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.3 A nutrition student was interested in determining if eating fish twice a week or more helped reduce someone’s risk of cancer. He randomly selected 2,000 Americans and called them on the phone. He asked about their eating habits and their health history. What is the explanatory variable? a) 2,000 Americans b) Occurrence of cancer c) Heredity d) Amount of fish consumed

7. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. a) 2,000 Americans b) Occurrence of cancer c) Heredity d) Amount of fish consumed 4.3 A nutrition student was interested in determining if eating fish twice a week or more helped reduce someone’s risk of cancer. He randomly selected 2,000 Americans and called them on the phone. He asked about their eating habits and their health history. What is the explanatory variable?

8. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.4 A breast cancer treatment researcher believes his new chemotherapy drug will kill a higher percentage of cancer cells than the current standard drug treatment. He takes 60 rats with breast cancer and randomly gives 30 of the rats the new drug treatment and gives the other 30 rats the current standard drug treatment. Is this an observational study or an experiment? a) Observational study b) Experiment

9. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.4 A breast cancer treatment researcher believes his new chemotherapy drug will kill a higher percentage of cancer cells than the current standard drug treatment. He takes 60 rats with breast cancer and randomly gives 30 of the rats the new drug treatment and gives the other 30 rats the current standard drug treatment. Is this an observational study or an experiment? a) Observational study b) Experiment

10. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.5 A school psychologist hypothesized that students who lived in urban areas rather than rural or suburban areas were more likely to abuse alcohol. High school seniors were surveyed from urban, suburban and rural areas of New York State and asked if they had ever had more than 4 alcoholic drinks in one evening. Is this an observational study or an experiment? a) Observational study b) Experiment

11. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.5 A school psychologist hypothesized that students who lived in urban areas rather than rural or suburban areas were more likely to abuse alcohol. High school seniors were surveyed from urban, suburban and rural areas of New York State and asked if they had ever had more than 4 alcoholic drinks in one evening. Is this an observational study or an experiment? a) Observational study b) Experiment

12. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.6 A person looks at an unfamiliar crowd of people and visually selects a sample of 30 individuals for a survey. This sample is an example of a… a) simple random sample b) stratified sample c) unbiased sample d) biased sample

13. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.6 A person looks at an unfamiliar crowd of people and visually selects a sample of 30 individuals for a survey. This sample is an example of a… a) simple random sample b) stratified sample c) unbiased sample d) biased sample

14. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.8 Some people have only cell phones rather than standard “land line” phones. If only land line phones were used for telephone interviews what type of bias would this create in the results? a) Sampling bias due to undercoverage b) Response bias c) Nonresponse bias d) Extrapolation e) None of the above

15. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Sampling bias due to undercoverage b) Response bias c) Nonresponse bias d) Extrapolation e) None of the above 4.8 Some people have only cell phones rather than standard “land line” phones. If only land line phones were used for telephone interviews what type of bias would this create in the results?

16. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.10 An internet survey on a well respected American news website asked, “Do you think that gay marriage should be legal?”, and 100,000 people responded. Can this survey result be extended to the entire population of Americans? a) Yes, it is a popular news site. b) Yes, it is a very large sample. c) Yes, everyone can access the Internet. d) No, it is a convenience sample. e) A and B

17. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Yes, it is a popular news site. b) Yes, it is a very large sample. c) Yes, everyone can access the Internet. d) No, it is a convenience sample. e) A and B 4.10 An internet survey on a well respected American news website asked, “Do you think that gay marriage should be legal?”, and 100,000 people responded. Can this survey result be extended to the entire population of Americans?

18. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.11 A researcher wanted to know if vitamin C had a protective effect against illness. Three hundred people were randomly divided into two groups: one group got a placebo and the other group got vitamin C. The number of sick days was recorded for each person. What is the explanatory variable? a) Number of sick days b) Placebo and vitamin C c) Three hundred people d) General health

19. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.11 A researcher wanted to know if vitamin C had a protective effect against illness. Three hundred people were randomly divided into two groups: one group got a placebo and the other group got vitamin C. The number of sick days was recorded for each person. What is the explanatory variable? a) Number of sick days b) Placebo and vitamin C c) Three hundred people d) General health

20. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.15 What is a benefit of conducting a “double blind” experiment? a) It eliminates the need to use random samples. b) It eliminates the need to randomly assign treatments to participants in the study. c) It helps to reduce bias. d) It allows you to use smaller samples. e) It eliminates all possible lurking variables.

21. Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 4.15 What is a benefit of conducting a “double blind” experiment? a) It eliminates the need to use random samples. b) It eliminates the need to randomly assign treatments to participants in the study. c) It helps to reduce bias. d) It allows you to use smaller samples. e) It eliminates all possible lurking variables.