1. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 37
Topic: Chemical Energy and ATP
Essential Question:
How are some organisms able to survive without sunlight and photosynthesis?
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
How are some organisms able to survive without sunlight and photosynthesis?
Key Concept: All cells need chemical energy

2. 5 top missed questions

3. The phospholipid bilayer of a cellular membrane is shown in the diagram above. Active transport is the primary function of the structure labeled
"A".
"B".
"C".
"D".

4. The phospholipid bilayer of a cellular membrane is shown in the diagram above. Active transport is the primary function of the structure labeled
"A".
"B".
"C".
"D".

5. Which of the following statements is true about cell structure?
Cells are enclosed by a thin, single layer of phospholipids and protein molecules
Cells are enclosed by a solid layer, or cell wall, for support
Cells are enclosed with semipermeable membranes
Cell casings allow molecules to pass unhindered in or out of the cell

6. Which of the following statements is true about cell structure?
Cells are enclosed by a thin, single layer of phospholipids and protein molecules
Cells are enclosed by a solid layer, or cell wall, for support
Cells are enclosed with semipermeable membranes
Cell casings allow molecules to pass unhindered in or out of the cell

7. The table above shows the characteristics of four different single–celled organisms. Which of the organism(s) are prokaryotic?
organism W and organism Z
organism X and organism Y
organism X only
organism Y only

8. The table above shows the characteristics of four different single–celled organisms. Which of the organism(s) are prokaryotic?
organism W and organism Z
organism X and organism Y
organism X only
organism Y only

9. Osmosis occurs in living organisms as water moves across the cellular membrane. An environment is hypotonic when the concentration of solutes in the environment is less than the concentration of solutes inside the cell. In hypotonic environments, water flows
inside and outside the cell at equal rates.
from the cell into the environment.
from the environment into the cell.
from high concentration of solutes to low concentration of solutes.

10. Osmosis occurs in living organisms as water moves across the cellular membrane. An environment is hypotonic when the concentration of solutes in the environment is less than the concentration of solutes inside the cell. In hypotonic environments, water flows
inside and outside the cell at equal rates.
from the cell into the environment.
from the environment into the cell.
from high concentration of solutes to low concentration of solutes.

11. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum ____________
modifies lipids
modifies proteins
synthesizes ribosomes
synthesizes proteins

12. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum ____________
modifies lipids
modifies proteins
synthesizes ribosomes
synthesizes proteins

13. KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

14. P. 36
ATP and ADP picture

15. Top of pg. 36
Do energy drinks or power bars do something different from any other foods you eat?
If so, what do they do? (how do they affect you?)
What causes them to do this? (ingredients?)
They may contain certain types of carbohydrates that can be used more quickly and so supply energy faster.
Note: An energy bar provides no more energy than a bagel or banana

16. California Standard
1.f- Know that useable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide.

17. Ch. 4 In a Nutshell…
*The cells of ALL organisms need chemical energy for ALL of their processes.
Plants absorb energy from sunlight
Some of that energy is stored in sugars (Photosynthesis)
Cells break down sugars to produce usable chemical energy for their functions (Cellular Respiration)
*Without organisms that make sugars, living things on Earth could not survive

18. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

19. The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by adenosine triphosphate aka ATP.
ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to fuel all cellular functions
Remember from Ch. 2: Energy is released when bonds break!
When the unstable 3rd phosphate breaks off- A blast of energy is released!

20. phosphate removed - +
Adenosine diphosphate aka ADP is a lower-energy molecule than ATP with only 2 phosphates.
ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added

21. ATP and ADP
Bonds break- releasing energy + -
Draw and label pg. 36

22. Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds.
Carbohydrates and lipids (fats) are the most important energy sources in foods you eat

23. Foods that you eat do NOT contain ATP.
First the food must be digested, which breaks down food into smaller molecules that can make ATP.

24. Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to make ATP.
triphosphate
adenosine
diphosphate
tri=3
di=2
ATP
ADP

25. Fats store the most energy.
80 percent of the energy in your body is stored in fat
Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
(Fats)

26. If we get our energy from food…. Where does our food get its energy?
Point to Ponder (Pg. 36)
If we get our energy from food….
Where does our food get its energy?
Hint: Your food is probably a plant or animal
Plants get their energy from the sun
Animals get their energy from the plants they eat
Ipso Facto: We all get our energy by using sunlight
through PHOTOSYNTHESIS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

27. A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and photosynthesis as a source of energy.
Some organisms live in places that never get sunlight.
In chemosynthesis, chemical energy is used to build carbon-based molecules.
uses chemical energy instead of light energy

28. Chemosynthesis Video