1. Member of the Helmholtz Association PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project Arkadi Kreter on behalf of FZJ PWI team Institute for Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Association EURATOM-FZJ, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, Germany 2 nd International Workshop on Plasma Material Interaction Facilities for Fusion Research (PMIF) Jülich, Germany, 19 September 2011

2. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 2 JULE-PSI: Jülich Linear Experiment for PSI studies in a Hot Cell Based on PSI-2 / PISCES type device Installation in a Hot Cell for handling of radioactive and toxic materials  Talk by B. Unterberg Schematic view Plasma source Target chamber Surface analysisLinear manipulator PMI studies with Neutron irradiated materials All wall materials incl. Beryllium Low quantities of Tritium PSI-2 is the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project

3. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 3 PSI-1/2: 17 years of operation in Berlin PSI-2 installation in Berlin Formerly operated by IPP-Garching at Humboldt Univ., Berlin  PSI-1 was first operated in 1992  Upgrade to PSI-2 in 1998: extended target chamber with 2 additional coils  Transfer to FZJ in October 2009 1 m

4. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 4 PSI-2: new life in Jülich  Transferred from Berlin to Jülich in October 2009  First plasma in Jülich in January 2011  Idea: Existing PSI-2 as the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project, outside of hot cell  Name: PSI-2 (Jülich)  Goals:  Gain experience operating linear plasma device  Test of components for JULE-PSI Prototype of target station Plasma source optimization Diagnostics Other peripheral components  Contribute to current PMI research topics

5. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 5 Current installation of PSI-2 Current status corresponds to the installation in Berlin before transport

6. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 6 First plasma of PSI-2 in Jülich Text from IEK-4 news web site of 7/Jan/2011 First plasma in PSI-2 Jülich Today, Friday 7th of January 2011, 6.30 pm, the very first Argon discharge has been produced in the PSI-2 Jülich device. This achievement constitutes a major milestone for our PSI programme on linear devices, which aims at the investigation of PSI processes with neutron activated fusion materials with the linear plasma device JULE-PSI in the Hot Material Laboratory (HML) of FZJ. PSI-2 Jülich will serve as a pilot experiment for this development and supplement our portfolio of facilities for the joint TEC programme on plasma-surface interactions. Many thanks to the whole PSI-2 team, in particular to our colleagues from Berlin, Werner Bohmeyer and Achim Mans. Since August 2011 routine operation in deuterium

7. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 7 Typical plasma parameters in PSI-2 Example of Ar plasma profile at target position For deuterium plasma

8. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 8 PSI-2: plasma generator with cylindrical cathode Arc discharge up to 1000 A and 150 V Typical regime of operation: Heating up and cooling down ~60 min Steady-state plasma of several hours per day Change of discharge parameters (incl. working gas) on one day possible Exchange of the cathode every 12 – 18 months Advantages: Larger emitter area  more efficient plasma production Less prone to break due to thermal stresses Observation through the aperture Drawback (decisive): Hollow plasma profile Cylindrical cathode assembly Cylindrical cathode w/o heat shield

9. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 9 PSI-2: new disc-shaped cathode Originally designed by H. Greuner Partially constructed and tested in Berlin, but never in plasma operation Currently: optimization of design and testing Installation on PSI-2 is planned for Dec. 2011 Disc-shaped cathode assemblyHeater of disc-shaped cathode

10. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 10 Plasma source options for JULE-PSI  Options to optimize arc source performance / reliability are analysed in collaboration with the Budker Institute  talk by A. Ivanov (for V. Davydenko)  Alternatively, helicon-type plasma source is considered, also in collaboration with the Budker Institute Synergy from the helicon source development at ORNL?

11. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 11 Target manipulators First stage: side-fed manipulator from Berlin Currently being refurbished and adapted for our purposes To be installed in Oct 2011 Second stage: new target station Side-fed manipulator support structure Layout of sample holder in plasma PSI-2 current installation

12. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 12 Target station Target manipulator Exchange and Analysis chamber Plasma source Typical target position Serves as prototype of JULE-PSI target station  talk by B. Unterberg Currently being manufactured Installation by the end of 2011

13. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 13 Diagnostics on PSI-2 Plasma diagnostics (characterization of background plasma) In-vacuo sample analysis Optical spectroscopy Langmuir probe Thomson scattering being considered as substitute of Langmuir probe Target station: linear manipulator and surface analysis station with Laser-aided analysis methods (LID, LIBS)  talk by B. Unterberg Glow discharge spectroscopy  talk by C. Klepper In-situ PMI diagnostics Optical spectroscopy IR thermography Quartz microbalance (QMB) PSI-2 serves as test-bed for diagnostic development for JULE-PSI  Focus on reliability and easy maintenance

14. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 14 Spectroscopy Spectrometer systems available: i) Direct imaging spectrometer at the target Spectrometer Acton 0.75m (SP2750 UV-VIS-NIR) with detector 2D EMCCD Andor NEWTON DU971 1600 x 400 ii) Fibre-coupled spectrometer in Littrow arrangement (10 nm coverage @ R=20000) Spectrometer 0.75 m Echelle optimised for VIS with detector 2D EMCCD Andor IXON DU888 EC 1024 x 1024 iii) Fibre-coupled spectrometer in Littrow arrangement (2 nm coverage @ R=100000) Spectrometer 1.25 m Echelle optimised for VIS with detector 2D EMCCD Andor IXON DU888 EC 1024 x 1024 iv) 2 sets of 4 channel compact spectrometers (300-858 nm @ R= 7500) Avantes set (JET KT1-type with 1800 l/mm and 10  m slit): Ch.1 300-455 nm, ch.2 450-577 nm, ch.3 575-681 nm, ch.4 658-858 nm v) Overview compact spectrometer Avantes 300 -1100 nm with 300 l/mm and 10  m slit vi) Spectrelle and deep UV compact spectrometer to be shared with TEXTOR

15. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 15 Ex-situ surface analysis available in FZJ High-precision balance (0.1  g)  Weight loss measurements Thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS)  Retention with temperature resolution SEM / EDX  Morphology / Elemental composition Ion beam analyses: NRA, RBS,..  Absolute amounts of surface materials, limited depth resolution Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)  Depth distribution of elements X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS)  Chemical composition and state (e.g. carbidization)

16. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 16 Physics programme on PSI-2 Plasma characterization Hydrogen and impurity spectroscopy Fuel retention in tungsten and graphite under the influence of impurities Erosion of tungsten and tungsten spectroscopy Simulation of transient heat loads by laser (collaboration with Budker Institute)  Talks by A. Burdakov and A. Shoshin EUROFER as first wall material Recombining deuterium plasma Neutralizer plate

17. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 17 Summary  PSI-2 to serve as pilot experiment for JULE-PSI  Transferred from Berlin to Jülich and successfully taken into operation  New components (cathode, target station, laser, diagnostics) purchased and partially delivered and commissioned  Physics programme started with plasma characterization and spectroscopic studies  PMI programme to start from October 2011

18. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 18 Installation of PSI-2 in IEK-4 experimental hall Two-stories solution to reproduce the installation in Berlin  Linear device and main control structures upstairs  Supply facilities (power, fore-vacuum, water) downstairs Support frame, completed by April 2010

19. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 19 Quartz Microbalance (QMB) In-situ erosion / deposition monitor PlasmaTarget QMB with line-of-sight to target Equipped with shutter defining time windows of measurements Schematic view Commercial dual sensor is envisaged for use Reference sample is needed for temperature compensation Measuring and Reference sensors can be swapped for use with different materials Images by INFICON

20. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 20 Laser Induced Desorption / Ablation with Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry Vacuum Pumps QMS xyzxyz 1.5 ms laser pulse 700 MW/m² Nd:YAG Laser 1064 nm LASAG 30 cm 10 -6 mbar 10 -4 mbar Pumps Observation Laser beam Fiber Fiber-guided laser beam shoots on target Target heats up to 1800 K Hydrogen desorbs and is analysed by QMS: LID-QMS  Information on total retention Outside hot cell High power laser over ablation threshold: Laser Induced Ablation Combined with line-of-sight QMS: LIA-QMS  Information on surface composition LID-QMS analysis station to be installed in FZJ hot material lab in 2011  Contribute to retention analysis of Be containing wall samples from JET

21. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 21 Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy – LIBS First wall bulk Mixed layer Knowledge of atomic data of released species and of laser plasma parameters is necessary to obtain quantitative measurements High power laser H,W, Be, CLaser plasma In-situ spectroscopy w/o background plasma: Fast heating and ablation of surface with formation of local plasma HH Detectors Dichroic mirrors W I Be I Line emission by all species from laser induced plasma Detection of lines  Information on surface composition W I HH Be I Analysis of surface composition

22. Arkadi Kreter “PSI-2 - the pilot experiment of the JULE-PSI project" PMIF, Jülich, 19 Sep 2011 22 Ex-situ analysis by Glow Discharge Spectroscopy Working principle Scheme of apparatus Example of quantitative depth profiling Depth resolved analysis of elemental composition Images by LECO corporation