1. Clean and Affordable Energy Future in Northwest U.S. Nancy Hirsh NW Energy Coalition www.nwenergy.org nancy@nwenergy.org October 1, 2014

2. NW Energy Coalition A coalition of more than 110 organizations in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and British Columbia that believe in clean and affordable energy: A coalition of more than 110 organizations in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and British Columbia that believe in clean and affordable energy: civic, consumer, low-income, environmental, faith based, and labor organizations, electric and natural gas utilities, clean energy (efficiency and renewables) and fishing businesses civic, consumer, low-income, environmental, faith based, and labor organizations, electric and natural gas utilities, clean energy (efficiency and renewables) and fishing businesses

3. EPA Clean Power Rule Cleaning up power plants Power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions in the United States, making up roughly one-third of all domestic greenhouse gas emissions. The EPA rule puts the US on track to cut carbon pollution from the power sector by 30 percent by 2030, approximately 730 million metric tonnes of carbon pollution. Big public health and climate benefits Public health and climate benefits = about $55 billion to $93 billion per year in 2030, far outweighing the costs of $7.3 billion to $8.8 billion.

4. EPA Clean Power Rule Number of power plants covered by the Clean Power Plan 1,000 fossil fuel fired power plants with 3,000 units covered by this rule. The average age of fossil generators: coal units = 42 years oil units = 36 years natural gas combined cycle units = 14 years

5. NW Emissions Reductions Starting InterimFinal (2012) (2020) (2030) Idaho339 244 228(33% reduction) Montana2,245 1,8821,771(21% reduction) Oregon717 407 372(48% reduction) Wash.763 264 215(72% reduction) (output weighted ave lbs/MWh for EGU’s)

6. Building Blocks 1 & 2 Fossil fuel power plant efficiency Average heat rate improvement of 6% for coal steam electric generating units (EGUs) Equipment and process improvements Co-firing Increase use of existing gas plants Dispatch to existing and under-construction natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) units to up to 70% capacity factor

7. Building Blocks 3 & 4 Zero- and low-emitting power sources Dispatch to new clean generation, including new nuclear generation under construction, moderate deployment of new renewable generation(consistent with current trends), and continued use of existing nuclear generation Energy Efficiency Increase demand-side energy efficiency to 1.5% annually Focused on utility programmatic savings

8. Columbia River Treaty

9. NWPCC - Energy Efficiency is Still the Cheapest Option Assumptions : Efficiency Cost = Average Cost of All Conservation in Draft 6 th Power Plan Under $100 MWh Transmission cost & losses to point of LSE wholesale delivery 2020 service - no federal investment or production tax credits Baseload operation (CC - 85%CF, Nuclear 87.5% CF, SCPC 85%) Medium NG and coal price forecast (6 th Plan draft) 6 th Plan draft mean value CO2 cost (escalating, $8 in 2012 to $47 in 2029).

10. 10 Sixth Plan Resource Portfolio* * Expected Value Build Out. Actual build out schedule depends on future conditions