2. Thoracic Muscles External Intercostals Internal Intercostals Accessory Muscles Sternocleido- mastoid Transversus Thoracis Scalenus Serratus (3) Levatores Costarum Diaphragm Abdominal Muscles Rectus Abdominus Obliques (2) Transversus Abdominus

3. Abdominal Muscles Rectus Abdominus Obliques Transversus Abdominus Internal External

4. Rectus abdominus Compartmentalized into 4-5 segments Connects to ribs 5-7, Xiphoid process Contract: depresses lower ribs and sternum Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59. http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5295/

5. External and Internal Obliques: (External) Largest, strongest abdominal muscles Connects to lower ribs Contract: depresses lower ribs, pulls in front/side of abdomen Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59. http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5299/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5301/

6. Transversus abdominus Deepest abdominal muscles Connects to lower ribs Contract: pulls in front/side of abdomen Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59. http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5306/

7. Thoracic Muscles External Intercostals Internal Intercostals Accessory Muscles Sternocleido- mastoid Transversus Thoracis Scalenus Serratus (3) Levatores Costarum Diaphragm Abdominal Muscles Rectus Abdominus Obliques (2) Transversus Abdominus

9. Breathing Basics Bigger Breaths Breathing for Speech

10. Gas Exchange Oxygen (O 2 ): Arteries Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ): Veins Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 12.

11. Boyle’s Law: PV = constant P = pressure V = volume Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure http://sciencesquad.questacon.edu.au/activities/model_lung.html

12. Expiration Abdominal Muscles Internal Intercostals Inspiration Diaphragm External Intercostals

13. Abdominal Muscles Diaphragm External Intercostals Inspiration

14. Major muscle of inspiration Sheet of muscle and tendon between the lungs and abdomen Dome-shaped Muscle: 3 attachments Sternal origin: Xiphoid process Costal origin: costal cartilages 7-12 Vertebral origin: upper lumbar vertebrae (crura) Right crus: L1-L3 or L4 Left crus: L1-L2 Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 20.

15. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves down and flattens Pushes abdominal cavity down Raises the ribcage This increases the space in the thoracic cavity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 21.

16. External intercostals Between ribs (11) Origin: vertebrae Course down and lateral Insertion: costal cartilages Contract: ribs move up and out This increases the space in the thoracic cavity Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59. http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5283/

17. Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59. Diaphragm pushes abdominal cavity down

18. Expiration Abdominal Muscles Internal Intercostals Inspiration Diaphragm External Intercostals

19. Diaphragm Abdominal Muscles Internal Intercostals Expiration

20. Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59. http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5287/ Internal intercostals Between ribs (11) Origin: sternum Course down and lateral (opposite external intercostals) Insertion: rib angle Contract: ribs move down and in

21. Rectus abdominus Compartmentalized into 4-5 segments Connects to ribs 5-7, Xiphoid process Contract: depresses lower ribs and sternum Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59. http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5295/

22. External and Internal Obliques: (External) Largest, strongest abdominal muscles Connects to lower ribs Contract: depresses lower ribs, pulls in front/side of abdomen Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59. http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5299/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5301/

23. Transversus abdominus Deepest abdominal muscles Connects to lower ribs Contract: pulls in front/side of abdomen Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59. http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5306/

24. Major muscle of inspiration Diaphragm relaxes and returns to original dome shape Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 20.

25. Expiration Abdominal Muscles Internal Intercostals Inspiration Diaphragm External Intercostals

26. Titze, I.R. (2000). Principles of Voice Production. Pg. 71.

27. Lined with moist epithelium Surface tension Recoil tendency Source of lung elasticity Surfactant Type II alveolar cells Decreases surface tension to achieve balance Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 12.