1. Marathon: The 2500 th Anniversary of an Ancient Battle and its Modern Legacy Professor Katherine Panagakos Richard Stockton College October 14, 2010

2. Marathon: The 2500 th Anniversary of an Ancient Battle and its Modern Legacy Sponsored by: The Federation of Hellenic American Organizations of NJ (http://hellenicfederationnj.com/)http://hellenicfederationnj.com/ Co-sponsored by: The Hellenic Club of Philadelphia The Friends of Hellenic Studies at Stockton (www.stockton.edu/ichs)www.stockton.edu/ichs The Stockton History Club OGRE (The Order of Greco-Roman Enthusiasts)

3. Other Events of Interest

6. Three “Runs” associated with The Battle of Marathon Run from Athens to Sparta ~150 miles “Run” during the battle ~.9 miles Run after the battle from Marathon to Athens ~26 miles

7. Ancient Panhellenic Games Pythian/Delphic Games Nemean Games Isthmian Games Olympic Games Every 2-4 years 776 BC-324 AD

8. Reconstruction of Painting in Agora in Athens

9. The Battle of Marathon September, 490 BC 9,000 Athens + 1,000 Plateans face ~25,000 Persians on the plain of Marathon

10. Darius, King of Persians

11. Ionian Revolt Main source: Herodotus’ Histories Born in 484 BC in Halicarnassus, Asia Minor Called “The Father of History” by Cicero

12. Darius’ Revenge

13. The Plain of Marathon

14. Philippides (Phidippides) runs to Sparta 150 miles in 2 days Sparta was celebrating the Carnea; must wait until the first full moon Spartathlon ἄ θλος = prize (athletics)

15. Battle of Marathon Athenians = 9,000 hoplites Plataeans = 1,000 hoplites Persians = ~25,000 (20,000-100,000)

16. Miltiades One of 10 Athenian Generals Tactics used Strengthening of right and left wings, leaving center weaker Persian cavalry and the Run of Eight Stadia

17. The Great Debates Persian Cavalry Run of 8 stades (.9 miles) Weight of arms/armor & Persian arrow range (.09-.1 mile)

18. Soros: Burial Mound at Marathon (σορός)

19. “The Marathon to Athens Run” Most famous yet least historically accurate and, therefore, probably not likely. 

20. Lord Byron 1788-1824 Philhellene Fought for Greeks in the Greek War of Independence Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage: The Plain of Marathon (1821-1818) The Isles of Greece (1821)

21. Modern Olympics Pierre Frédy, Baron de Coubertin 1894-IOC formed April 1896, Games of I Olympiad Held in Athens; 14 countries Michel Breal suggested a long- distance race 17 runners Began at bridge in Marathon and ended at the Panathanaiko Stadium -24.8 miles Winner was Spyridon “Spiros” Louis (2:58:50)

22. Modern Marathon 1896: 24.85 1900: 25.02 1904: 24.85 1908: 26.22 Boston Marathon-oldest annual (1897) 1967 Boston Marathon* 1984 Los Angeles XXIII Olympiad

23. Atlantic City Marathon

24. Aeschylus Father of Greek tragedy c. 525-456/5 BC 7/70 or 90 plays Oresteia (only trilogy) The Persians Α ἰ σχύλον Ε ὐ φορίωνος Ἀ θηνα ῖ ον τόδε κεύθει μν ῆ μα καταφθίμενον πυροφόροιο Γέλας· ἀ λκ ὴ ν δ' ε ὐ δόκιμον Μαραθώνιον ἄ λσος ἂ ν ε ἴ ποι κα ὶ βαθυχαιτήεις Μ ῆ δος ἐ πιστάμενος Beneath this stone lies Aeschylus, son of Euphorion, the Athenian, who perished in the wheat-bearing land of Gela; of his noble prowess the grove of Marathon can speak, or the long-haired Persian who knows it well.