1. Religions of South East Asia

2. Hinduism- Ethnic Began: 2000 B.C.E. Began: 2000 B.C.E. Founder: Dravidians & Aryans Founder: Dravidians & Aryans Origin: un-known, but thought to be brought by Aryans Origin: un-known, but thought to be brought by Aryans Number of members: 838 million Number of members: 838 million

3. Hinduism Region- SEA: India, Nepal, Sri Lanka Region- SEA: India, Nepal, Sri Lanka Religious Leaders- priests, gurus- spiritual leaders, swamis- teachers Religious Leaders- priests, gurus- spiritual leaders, swamis- teachers

4. Hinduism Holy Books: The Bhagavad Gita, Vedas, Upanishads Holy Books: The Bhagavad Gita, Vedas, Upanishads House of Worship: Temples House of Worship: Temples

5. Hinduism Holy place: tirthas= pilgrimages (examples: Mt. Kailash, Ganges, and the Himalayas Holy place: tirthas= pilgrimages (examples: Mt. Kailash, Ganges, and the Himalayas

6. Hinduism Dietary law: no meat/alcohol Dietary law: no meat/alcohol Monotheistic: Monotheistic: NO - over 350 million gods YES – Brahman (pantheism) Holy day of the week: Every day is holy Holy day of the week: Every day is holy

7. Hinduism Hinduism Holidays: Holidays: Divali: Festival of lights Dessehra: Rama’s victory over Ravana= victory of good over evil Burial of Dead: cremation burn the dead Burial of Dead: cremation burn the dead

8. Hinduism Hinduism Name of Diety- 3 main ones (Trimurti) Name of Diety- 3 main ones (Trimurti) 1. Brahman- judge 2. Vishnu- protector 3. Shiva- destroyer

9. Hinduism Requirements and Main Beliefs Reincarnation: Karma & Dharma Reincarnation: Karma & Dharma Caste System Caste System 1.Priests 2.Warriors 3.Merchants 4.Laborers 5.Untouchables Moksha- breaking cycle Moksha- breaking cycle

10. Hinduism Diffusion: ethnic religions usually stay in specific region Diffusion: ethnic religions usually stay in specific region Symbols: Swastika, Om, Lotus Symbols: Swastika, Om, Lotus

11. Buddhism

12. Buddhism- Universal Began: 563 B.C.E. Began: 563 B.C.E. Founder: Siddhartha Gautama Founder: Siddhartha Gautama Origin: Siddhartha Gautama Origin: Siddhartha Gautama Number of Members: 500 million to 1.5 billion (due to Chinese Communism) Number of Members: 500 million to 1.5 billion (due to Chinese Communism)

13. Buddhism Buddhism Schools and Regions: Schools and Regions: Therevada: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka Mahayana: China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam Zen: China Tibetan (Mantrayana): Tibet, Nepal Religious leaders: Religious leaders: Dalai Lama- reincarnate, Sangha- order of monks Bodhisattva- teacher Dalai Lama- reincarnate, Sangha- order of monks Bodhisattva- teacher

14. Buddhism Buddhism Holy Book: Tripitaka (3 baskets) - holds Buddha's sayings & rules for monks they were collected in baskets. Holy Book: Tripitaka (3 baskets) - holds Buddha's sayings & rules for monks they were collected in baskets. House of Worship: Pagodas and Stupas House of Worship: Pagodas and Stupas

15. Buddhism Buddhism Holy Places- Nepal- birthplace of Buddha Holy Places- Nepal- birthplace of Buddha Bodh Gaya- Enlightenment Sarnath- sermon & death

16. Buddhism Dietary Law: Moderation Dietary Law: Moderation Monotheistic: More philosophy than religion Monotheistic: More philosophy than religion Holy day of the week: Every day is holy Holy day of the week: Every day is holy

17. Buddhism Holidays: Vassa- meditation from July-October Holidays: Vassa- meditation from July-October Wesak/Vesak- Buddha’s birth Wesak/Vesak- Buddha’s birth Buddha Day – birth, enlightenment, death Burial of the dead: Cremation Burial of the dead: Cremation Name of deities: none Name of deities: none

18. Buddhism: Requirements & Main Beliefs 3 universal truths 3 universal truths 1. Nothing is lost in the universe 2. Everything changes 3. Law of cause and effect Reincarnation Reincarnation 4 noble truths: 4 noble truths: 1. all life is suffering 2. suffering comes from desire 3. desire can be eliminated 4. there is a path to eliminate desire The 8 Fold Path The 8 Fold Path Nirvana Nirvana Diffusion- universal

19. Buddhism 8 fold path: the right 8 fold path: the right 1. viewpoint 2. values 3. speech 4. actions 5. livelihood 6. effort 7. mindfulness 8. meditation

20. Buddhism Symbols: Wheel, Bodhi Tree, Footprints, Lotus Flower, Mandalas, Prayer Flags Symbols: Wheel, Bodhi Tree, Footprints, Lotus Flower, Mandalas, Prayer Flags

21. Confucianism

22. Confucianism- Ethnic Began: 520 B.C.E. Began: 520 B.C.E. Founder: Confucius Founder: Confucius Origin: Confucius Origin: Confucius Number of Members: 6 million or 350 million Number of Members: 6 million or 350 million Region: SEA – mainly China Region: SEA – mainly China Religious leaders: Teacher/Sages Religious leaders: Teacher/Sages

23. Confucianism Holy Books: Holy Books: 5 classics (Wujing): written by Confucius 4 books (Analects/Shshu): written by his followers House of Worship: None House of Worship: None Holy place: None Holy place: None Dietary Law: None Dietary Law: None Monotheistic: Philosophy Monotheistic: Philosophy I-Ching

24. Confucianism Holy Day of the Week: None Holy Day of the Week: None Holidays: None Holidays: None Burial of Dead: Local Customs Burial of Dead: Local Customs Name of Deities: None Name of Deities: None Diffusion- could be universal but mainly stayed within Chinese culture Diffusion- could be universal but mainly stayed within Chinese culture

25. Confucianism – Requirements and Beliefs Social code based on morality rather than laws. Established social order within Chinese Society Social code based on morality rather than laws. Established social order within Chinese Society Look to the past for insight to behavior and follow ancestral examples Look to the past for insight to behavior and follow ancestral examples The “Way of Heaven” – natural turn of events The “Way of Heaven” – natural turn of events The “Mandate of Heaven” - Be a good ruler The “Mandate of Heaven” - Be a good ruler

26. Confucianism- requirements cont. Filial Piety: 1.Ruler/Subject Filial Piety: 1.Ruler/Subject2.Father/Son 3.Older/younger brother 4.Husband/Wife5.Friend/Friend Everyone must know their role & live accordingly Everyone must know their role & live accordingly Believe the answer to social ills was self-cultivation, starting with education Believe the answer to social ills was self-cultivation, starting with education

27. Confucius Sayings: Study the past if you are to define the future. Study the past if you are to define the future. Do not dwell on mistakes and thus make them crimes. Do not dwell on mistakes and thus make them crimes. Those who do not study are just cattle dressed in men’s clothing Those who do not study are just cattle dressed in men’s clothing Confucius’ comments about women were not as nice…….

28. Taoism Began: 604 BCE Founder: Lao Tzu Origin: Lao Tzu Number of Members: 20 million Region: SEA - China

29. Taoism Religious Leaders: Priests Holy Book: Tao Te Ching House of Worship: Temples/Monastaries

30. I-Ching The I Ching is a collection of practical wisdom, pertaining to every conceivable situation. It originates in ancient China and is probably the oldest Chinese classical text. "I Ching" means "Book of Changes." There are 64 different kinds of situations in the I Ching. Each one is indicated by a hexagram, which is a symbol made up by 6 lines, each of which can be broken or unbroken.

31. Taoism Holy Places: None Dietary Laws: None Monotheistic: No – Philosophy/Way of Life. (Taoism has many gods, most of them borrowed from other cultures. These deities are within this universe and are themselves subject to the Tao.)

32. Taoism Holy Day of Week: None Holidays: None Burial of the Dead: Local Customs Deity: The 3 Pure Ones

33. Taoism: Requirements and Main Beliefs Tao Means “The Way” Return to Nature Everything will come out right if you let nature take its course Live Tranquil rural life in union with nature Nothing is permanent or absolute, but in a state of flux between two opposites Yin and Yang: represent opposites (good and evil/light and dark) Diffusion: Mainly in China

34. Shinto (“Way of the Gods”) - Japan

35. Shinto Began: Preliterate times (6 th century) Founder: Not known Origin: Japanese indigenous culture Number: Japanese population (ethnic)

36. Shinto Region: SEA - Japan Religious Leaders: Priests Holy Book: Kojiki and Nihon Shoki House of Worship: Shrines

37. Shinto Holy Place: Family alters, effigies, shrines, or anything marked with a rope or gate (torii) Dietary Law: Food offerings Monotheistic: Considered polytheistic or a way of life rather than religion Komainu-Guardians - Buddhist

38. Holy Day of the Week: None Holidays: None Burial of the Dead: Local customs Name of Deities: Kami (spirits) and Amaterasu Shinto

39. Shinto Diffusion: Stays within Japan Beliefs: 1.Most things have a kami (spirit) 2.Prayer and Offerings are used 3.Purity is emphasized 4.Shinto led to the Japanese belief that as sole descendants of the sun, they were uniquely gifted to rule the world.