3. Reaching Strategic Edge
Chapter [7]
Reaching
Strategic Edge

4. Business Process Re-engineering
Business processes are set of activities that transform a set of inputs into a set of outputs for another person.
For e.g. – Order processing, Forecasting, Budgeting, Accounting etc.
Business process often surpass departmental or functional boundaries.
Some BP turn out to be extremely critical for the success and survival of enterprise. These are Core Business Processes of the company.

5. According to “Hammer and Champhy” –
BPR focuses on such core processes and attempt to change them with best practice.
The factors which calls for changes in the business processes are Technology, Customer & the newly adopted Strategy.
According to “Hammer and Champhy” –
Business Process Re-engineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical re-designing of processes to achieve dramatic improvement in critical and contemporary measures of performance such as cost, quality, service and speed.

6. Fundamental Re-thinking ~
Why do we do what we do?
Why do we do it the way we do?
Radical Re-designing ~
Re-creating or re-inventing the business.
Dramatic Improvement ~
80% to 90% improvement in performance.
Example ~
The existing transportation system takes 6 hrs. to deliver goods in the city, then any change that can reduce the time spent to 45 mts. is BPR.

7. BPR Implementation Determining Objectives
Identify Customer & their need
Study the existing process
Formulate a re-design plan
Implement the redesign

8. Role of IT in BPR The impact of IT system~ IT improves ~
Compression of time
Overcoming restriction of geographic distance
Re-structuring of relationship (SCM, CRM)
IT improves ~
Efficiency : improved I/O ratio
Effectiveness : improved cost management
Innovation : improved way of doing business

9. Comparison between BPR and other re-structuring activities
BPR does not have any scope of partial improvement.
BPR recognizes the potential of IT for the redesigning of work.
BPR focuses on a multi-dimensional approach and disregard departmental boundaries.
BPR performs radical re-designing i.e. not just the process but a whole lot of changes in other area too.

10. Problems in BPR
It disturbs established functional structure and creates resistance among work force.
It takes time and expenditure at least in short term.
There can be loss of revenue during the transition period.
Setting target is difficult; and if not set properly BPR turn out to be failure.

11. Benchmarking
Benchmark can be defined as a standard or a point of reference against which things may be compared.
Benchmarking is a process of comparing actual performance with industrial standard.
It helps organization get ahead of competitors.

12. Benchmarking is used to achieve improvement in –
It involves
regularly comparing aspects of performance with the best practice.
Identifying the gap and
Finding out the way to reduce the gap.
Benchmarking is used to achieve improvement in –
Product development
Product distribution
HR management
Maintenance operations
Customer service

13. Benchmarking Process Identifying the need ~ Objective, type
Understanding existing process
Identify best process
Comparing performance
Reporting & Bridging the gap
Evaluation

14. Total Quality Management (TQM)
The concept of QC was emerged in US in 1920s and it was intended to merely sorting good from bad.
The definition of TQM was given in 1992 by CEOs of 9 major corporations and deans of business department as ~
TQM is a people focused management system that aims at continual increase in customer satisfaction at continually lower real cost.”

15. In support to TQM Stewart, Deming and Juran suggested that sorting good from bad is not the efficient way to assure quality. Focus should be on action to prevent a defective product from ever being created.
Deming believed quality management should be pervasive and responsibility should be shared by everyone. He is regarded as “FATHER of TQM”

16. Principles of TQM A sustained management commitment to quality
Focusing on Customer
Preventing rather then detecting defects
Universal quality responsibility
Quality measurement
Continuous Improvement & Learning
Root cause correction action
Employee involvement & empowerment

17. Synergy of Team
Thinking Statistically
Inventory reduction
Value improvement
Supplier teaming
Training

18. TQM v/s Traditional Practices
TQM makes quality planning as strategic planning.
TQM changes relationship with customer & suppliers.
TQM views organization as system of interdependent processes.
TQM believes in team working
TQM managers provide leadership to motivate people to make meaningful contribution.

19. Six Sigma
Motorola invented the concept of six sigma to take systemic and integrated efforts towards improving quality and reducing cost.
Six sigma efforts target 3 main area ~
Improving customer satisfaction
Reducing cycle time
Reducing defects

20. Characteristics It is customer focused. It produce major ROI.
It change how management operates.
It provides customers what they want, when they want.
It help people/process in delivering defect-free product.
It puts more accountability for results into the hands of people who work directly with customers.

21. Six Themes Genuine focus on customer Data & fact driven management
Theme One :
Genuine focus on customer
Theme Two :
Data & fact driven management
Theme Three :
Process are where Action is
Theme Four :
Proactive Management
Theme Five :
Boundary less collaborations
Theme Six :
Drive for perfection : Tolerate failure

22. DMAIC
Goals & objectives
Define :
Existing process
Measure :
relationship
Cause – effect
Analyze :
plan to improve
Make detailed
Improve :
production
test the plan &
Control :
transit to

23. DMADV
Goals & objectives
Define :
Factors critical
To quality
Measure :
Develop & evaluate
alternatives
Analyze :
Develop detail
Of plan
Design :
Verify design thru
simulation
Verify :

24. Strategy shaping characteristic of E-com environment
The internet makes it feasible for companies every where to compete in global market. (Meet the diversified demand)
Competition in an industry is greatly intensified by the new e-com strategic initiative of new and existing rivals. (High competition)

25. Entry barriers into the e-com world are relatively low
Entry barriers into the e-com world are relatively low. (Business can be out sourced)
Online buyers have far few obstacles in comparing products and prices. (Customer’s bargaining power is high)
Companies can reach beyond their borders to find the best suppliers.
Internet and PC technologies are advancing rapidly. (Lot of business potential)
The internet results in much faster diffusion of new technology and new ideas across the world. (Increased technology awareness)

26. The e-com environment demands that companies move swiftly
The e-com environment demands that companies move swiftly. (Strategic life will be less then 5 years)
E-com technology offers opportunities for re-configuring industry. (Increases flexibility, customization of product and use of ERP s/w)
Internet can be economical means of delivering customer services.
Capital for funding potentially profitable e-com business is readily available.
The needed E-com resource in short supply is human talent.

27. Strategic Management in Non-profit and Govt. organization
SM in NGO and
Govt. Org.
Institution
Education
Hospitals
Govt. agency
And Dept.

28. Education Institution
Attract best students.
Joining hands with industry
A-V Lecture delivery
On-line Examination

29. Hospitals Path Labs Ambulatory services Day-treatment facilities
Pharmaceuticals facility
On-line opinion

30. Govt. Agencies & Deptt.
Using tax payer’s money in the most effective manner.
Restriction on diversification
Less freedom in altering the organization’s mission.