1. The Research Centre on Zero Emission Buildings Arild Gustavsen, Professor NTNU Director The Research Centre on Zero Emission Buildings NUAS, September 10th 2013

2. ZEB’s main objective
is to develop competitive products and solutions for existing and new buildings that will lead to market penetration of buildings with zero greenhouse gas emissions related to their production, operation, and demolition. The centre will encompass both residential, commercial, and public buildings.
Illustration: Snøhetta/MIR

3. ZEB Facts Host institution: NTNU
Research partners: SINTEF Building and Infrastructure and SINTEF Energy Research
Industry and public partners: 22
Start date (contract with RCN signed): November 2009
Total budget: ca. 290 MNOK (+ additional to research infrastructure)
Researchers associated with the Centre: about 25 (most part time)
PhD candidates: 21
3-5 expected to complete during 2013
13 is partly/directly funded by ZEB
Post docs: 4
Research on topics from nano material science to whole building performance (e.g. energy and CO2), including studies on individual building technologies (e.g. building envelope and building services technologies) and user studies.

4. ZEB – a national team Users (the reference group) Contractors
Skanska
Caverion
Weber
Isola
Glava
Protan
Hydro Aluminium
NorDan
Velux
DuPont
Brødrene Dahl
Multiconsult
Snøhetta
ByBo
Entra Eiendom
Forsvarsbygg
Statsbygg
Enova
Husbanken
Direktoratet for byggkvalitet
Byggenæringens landsforening
Norsk Teknologi
NTNU
SINTEF, SINTEF Energiforskning
Norges forskningsråd
Dialog with:
NTE, BKK, Siemens,
Sør-Trøndelag fylkeskommune
Users (the reference group)
Contractors
Producers of materials and products for the building industry
Consultants, architects
Trade organizations
Property managers
Public administration
University and research institutions
The Research Council

5. Other institutions cooperating with ZEB
International partners
VTT (Finland)
Chalmers (Sweden)
Fraunhofer (Germany)
TNO (The Netherlands)
LBNL (USA)
MIT (USA)
University of Strathclyde (Scotland)
Tsinghua University (China)
Other new
Politecnico di Torino
Shanghai JiaoTong University
EMPA
Reference group
Lavenergiprogrammet
NBBL
NVE
Forbrukerrådet
EcoBox
Driftsforum
Arkitektbedriftene
Cooperation with some of the international partners has been fruitful, wile some have not been active. A joint Research Centre of Shanghai JiaoTong University and NTNU has started and one PhD student is engaged at NTNU and work within the centre.
The reference group consist of important umbrella organizations of the building industry and want to bring new knowledge to the building industry.

6. Energy use in buildings in Norway
83 TWh til bygninger, hvorav
80% er elektrisitet
Energibruken i Fastlands-Norge går til fire hovedformål. Tre stasjonære formål; bygninger, industrielle prosesser og produksjon av energivarer, samt mobilt formål i form av energibruk
til transport. Bygninger omfatter lys, varme og elektrisk utstyr i boliger og yrkesbygg . Det ble brukt 83 TWh til dette formålet i 2009, tilsvarende 37 prosent av innenlands energibruk.
Industriprosesser omfatter produksjon av varer i industrien og det ble brukt 55 TWh til dette formålet i Det ble brukt energivarer tilsvarende ca. 15 TWh til å produsere energivarer i
Fastlands-Norge i 2009, det meste innenfor petroleumssektoren. Det siste hovedformålet omfatter drivstoff til alle typer motoriserte kjøretøy og transportmidler i Fastlands-Norge. Det
gikk med 69 TWh, tilsvarende 31 prosent av samlet energibruk i til dette formålet i 2009.
3 Sluttbruk av energi tilsvarer innenlands sluttbruk av energi i SSBs Energibalanse. Ekskl. energi brukt som råstoff.
4 Energisektoren i Fastlands-Norge omfatter produksjon av elektrisitet, produksjon av fjernvarme, landanleggene innenfor petroleumssektoren, raffineriene og plattformer som får kraft fra land. Energivarer brukt som råstoff for å produsere nye energivarer (omvandling) er ikke inkludert. Se Energibalansen.
Source: Energibruk i Fastlands-Norge, NVE, 2011

7. Zero energy/emission buildings (ZEBs) in international policy documents
USA: «… to achieve our strategic goal of net-zero energy buildings …» UK: «… The objective of the proposal is to set a timetable for moving towards zero carbon development as a contribution to meeting UK target to reduce carbon emissions …» Canada: «The Equilibrium House Initiative aims …» Austria: «The building stock of the year 2050 should be in total over the entire life cycle free of carbon emissions.» Netherlands: «In the Netherlands, the government and the construction sector aim at achieving energy neutral new construction in 2020.» Germany: «Zero emission buildings are the long-term objective»

8. Stricter requirements for buildings in Norway
Two White Papers from the Norwegian government in 2012 stress that: All new buildings should be nearly zero energy buildings before Stricter requirements will also apply to rehabilitation of existing buildings.

9. Why Zero Emission Buildings?
McKinsey, ”Pathways to a Low Carbon Economy. Version 2 of the Global Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Curve”, McKinsey & Company, 2009.
Why Zero Emission Buildings?
Low Hanging Fruit:
Energy Efficiency Pays for Itself

10. What should be done? Reduce the energy demand to a
minimum – in new and existing
buildings.
New renewable energy should be
used to cover the remaining
demand for heating and/or
cooling.
Use renewable energy to cover
the demand for electricity.
Consider the usage of materials.
We have to consider the
interaction between buildings
and transport.
The most environmental kWh is the one that is not used. 10

11. Zero Emission Buildings - The Challenge:
The main concept of a zero emission building is that renewable energy sources produced or transformed at the building site have to compensate for CO2 emissions from operation of the building and for production, transport and demolition of all the building materials and components during the life cycle of the building.
Energy standard, single family houses in Norway
-100
-50 50
100
150
200
250
Today's
average
standard
Buildings
code, 2007
Passive
house
Net zero
energy
Plus energy
Annually energy demand/production: kWh/m2
Energy demand
Energy production
Source: SINTEF Byggforsk

12. The ZEB research activities
ZEB focuses its work in five areas that interact and influence each other:
WP1 Advanced materials technologies
WP2 Climate-adapted low-energy envelope technologies
WP3 Energy supply systems and services
WP4 Use, operation, and implementation
WP5 Concepts and strategies
A world where buildings do not contribute with greenhouse gas emissions

13. WP1 Advanced materials technologies
Main goal:
Development of new and innovative materials and solutions, as well as improvements of the current state‑of‑the‑art technologies.
Research examples
New insulation materials
New glass material
Contact: Bjørn Petter Jelle

14. New insulation materials
VIP – Vacuum insulation panel
GFP – Gas filled panels
Foil
Core

15. Nano insulation materials (NIM)
From theoretical concepts to development of new and innovative materials
Patent application
Controlling:
Sphere inner diameter
Sphere wall thickness
Without optimizing:
So far we have
reached 20 mW/(mK)

16. Various other glass and coating properties being investigated
A new glass material
A new glass material has been made:
Reduced mass density (weight) by a factor 2
Reduced thermal conductivity by a factor 2
Increased solar transmittance
Various other glass and coating properties being investigated

17. WP2 Climate adapted envelope technologies
Main goal:
Develop climate adapted, verified, and cost effective solutions for new and existing building envelopes (roofs, walls and floors) that will give the least possible heat loss and at the same time a reduced need for cooling.
Research examples
New sandwiched elements with VIP
Experimental studies of heat transport in well insulated walls with phase change materials (PCMs)
New window solutions
Contact: Berit Time
Photo: Sfære

18. Development of sandwich elements with VIPs (Leca Isoblock)
Block built-up; Parametric study of U-value and heat loss by 2D and 3D numerical calculations
Assessment of and influence of (convective) heat transport in vertical and horizontal joints for sandwich block systems
Leca Isoblokk with VIP - Prototype developed by ZEB partner Weber (patent has been applied for)

19. Phase change material experiments
Used to validate e.g. EnergyPlus
PCM models.

20. Window research
Windows are often considered to contribute to heat losses
What about solar gains?

21. Example: Multiple layer glazing
Windows with up to 10 layers of glass (U-values of less than 0.3 W/(m²K))
Phase change material windows

22. WP3 Energy supply systems and services
Main goal:
Develop new solutions for energy supply systems and building services systems with reasonable energy and indoor environment performance appropriate for zero emission buildings.
Research example:
Development of a new energy exchanger
Contact: Vojislav Novakovic

23. New type of a cross flow energy exchanger using membrane technology
Hygro-thermal properties of five different membrane samples have been investigated in laboratory. Laboratory setup for testing of the membrane based energy exchanger is developed. CFD simulation study of air flow patterns in an exchanger is conducted aiming at improvement of design and efficiency.
Recovery of moisture in addition to sensible heat will increase the overall energy efficiency of the exchanger. This will also reduce frosting problems in operation but it demand very careful design of the exchanger.

24. WP4 Use, operation, and implementation
Main goal:
Provide knowledge and tools which assure usability and acceptance, maintainability and efficiency, and implementation of ZEBs.
Research example:
Have analyzed end-use in energy efficient buildings
Contact: Thomas Berker

25. Analyses of end-use in energy efficient buildings
Evaluation of new buildings with high energy ambitions
Bad interfaces
Lack of knowledge
Unintended persistence of energy wasting behaviors (when refurbishing)
Deeply rooted values and attitudes
Negotiations within the household

26. WP5 Concepts and Strategies for ZEBs
Main goal:
Develop concrete concepts for zero emission buildings which can be translated into realized pilot buildings within the time frame of the Centre.
Research examples:
ZEB definition
ZEB concepts
Pilot buildings
Contact: Birgit Risholt

27. ZEB-Definition ZEB-DEFINITION: Ambition level Rules for calculation
System boundaries
CO2-factors
Energy quality
Mismatch production and demand
Minimum requirement energy efficiency
Requirement indoor climate
Verification in use
ZEB-O÷EQ: Balancing operational energy use exclusive equipment.
ZEB-O: Balancing operational energy use inclusive equipment.
ZEB-COM: Balancing operational energy, embodied emissions , construction and demolition processes
The main concept of a zero emission building is that renewable energy sources produced or transformed at the building site have to compensate for CO2 emissions from operation of the building and for production, transport and demolition of all the building materials and components during the life cycle of the building.

28. Concept work CONCEPT WORK: Four storey office building
Two storey dwelling
Both BIM-modelled
Detailed LCA and GHG calculations
Detailed simulation of building, installations and energy supply.
Building integrated PV balancing CO2 emissions

29. Concept work – Office building

30. Building Envelope

31. Solutions for the building envelope

32. Concept work - Dwelling

33. ZEB-Pilot Buildings ZEB PILOT BUILDINGS:
Skarpnes Arendal: 37 dwellings, ZEB-O.
Powerhouse #2 – Sandvika. Renovation of 2 office blocks to Plus energy.
Mulitkomfort-Larvik: Single family house, ZEB-COM.
Ådland: 500 dwellings, ZEB-O.
Powerhouse # 1 – Trondheim. Large office building, Plus energy.
Depotbygget Haakonsvern – Bergen. Small office building, ZEB-O÷EQ.
Nordahl Brunsgt – Drammen: Renovation of small apartment building. ZEB-O÷EQ.

34. Establishment of laboratories and test buildings – ZEB Living Lab and Test Cell

35. ZEB Living Lab

36. ZEB Test Cell

37. Thank you for your attention
Contact: