1. War in the West & the East
Lecture 3

2. Outline
Schlieffen Plan vs. Plan XVII—plans / realities/ and unintended consequences
Helmuth von Moltke the Younger (Ger. military)
Joseph Joffre (Fr. military) and Ferdinand Foch (Fr. military)
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (Chancellor of Germany)
1st Battle of the Marne (September, 1914)
Stalemate and Trench Warfare
1st Battle of Ypres (19 October – 22 November 1914)
Race to the Sea
Erich von Falkenhayn (Ger. military) vs. Conrad von Hötzendorf ( A-H. military)
Christmas Truce of 1914
2nd Battle of Ypres (21 April – 25 May 1915 )
Battle of Verdun (21 February – 18 December 1916 )
Battle of the Somme (1 July and 18 November 1916)
Douglas Haig (Br. military)
Ferdinand Foch (Fr. military)
Erich Ludendorff and Paul von Hindenburg (Germ. military until October 1918)

4. Schlieffen Plan vs. Plan XVII

5. Personalities of War (1)
Helmuth von Moltke the Younger
( )
Joseph Joffre ( )
Ferdinand Foch
( )
Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg
( )

6. 1st Battle of the Marne (September, 1914)

7. Stalemate and Trench Warfare

8. 1st Battle of Ypres (19 October – 22 November 1914)
Erich von Falkenhayn
( )
Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf
( )

9. Christmas Truce of 1914

10. 2nd Battle of Ypres (21 April – 25 May 1915 )
Otto Dix, Stormtroopers Advance under Cover of Gas (1924)

11. Battle of Verdun (21 February – 18 December 1916 )

12. Battle of the Somme (1 July and 18 November 1916)

13. Personalities of War (2)
Erich Ludendorff
( )
Paul von Hindenburg
( )
Douglas Haig
( )

14. In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
"In Flanders Fields" by Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae (1915)

15. The Eastern Front

16. Battle of Tannenberg (August 1914) and Battle of Masurian Lakes (September 1914)
Paul von Hindenburg & Erich Ludendorff (German)
Pavel Rennenkampf (or Paul von Rennenkampf) and Alexander Samsonov (Russian)

17. Battle for Galicia (August / September 1914)

18. From Brusilov Offensive to the Kerensky Offensive
June 1916
July 1917

19. Italian Front: From the Battles of Isonzo to the Piave

20. Hidden Legacy of the Eastern Front
Hidden Legacy of the Eastern Front? ---an historiographical argument by Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius
From Land & People to Space & Race
German occupation of the Ober-Ost (Kurland and Lithuania)
Germans at first were overwhelmed by the ethnic and geographical complicity of the region, but soon enough started the view the region as a place that was ripe for manipulation and reorganization and eventually led to the transformation of German view of the East—a place need to be civilized by German Work
At the end, Liulevicius claims, the Germans developed repulsion and loathing toward the East, a mentality that aided Nazi efforts when they sought to realize their racial utopia during WW II