1. World War I

3. Imperialistic rivalries- fight over colonies System of alliances
Economic rivalries
Imperialistic rivalries- fight over colonies
System of alliances
Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente- France, Russia, Great Britain
Arms race
Britain- the Dreadnought
Germany- naval buildup
France- military spending

5. Franco-Prussian War (18701)- loss of Alsace and Lorraine and revanche
Germany’s fear of encirclement
Mobilization
Reliance on reserves
Fear
Cost

6. Germany’s fear of encirclement and a two-front war

7. Inflexibility in war plans- Schlieffen Plan
Political weakness of Austro-Hungarian Empire
Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913
Rise of Pan-Slavism supported by Russia
Brinkmanship diplomacy

8. Schlieffen Plan
Fix French army on border
Attack France through neutral Belgium
Defeat France before Russian mobilization
Confront Russia

9. Archduke Ferdinand and Family
The Black Hand
Pan-Slavism
Archduke Ferdinand- heir to the throne
Serbian Secret Police support
Archduke Ferdinand and Family

10. The Archduke Ferdinand and wife visit Sarajevo

11. The Assassin Gavrilo Princip Princip apprehended after the attack

12. Austria- demands justice from Serbia
Serbia rejects demands
Austria mobilizes for war
Russia mobilizes for war
Germany and France mobilize for war
Germany initiates Schlieffen Plan
Britain chooses to join France based on “neutral” Belgium claim

14. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Long Range Causes
Nationalism
Militarism
Alliances
Imperial Competition
Schlieffen Plan
Immediate Causes
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Mobilization
World War I

15. Kaiser Wilhelm II
King George V Tsar Nicholas II

16. Lloyd George Georges Clemenceau Woodrow Wilson

17. Germans advance though Belgium
France attacks Germany
Stagnation and Trench warfare
Massive casualties

18. Typical trench system layout

19. Obstacles in attacking a trench system

20. Sappers dig mines and countermines

21. Trench systems seen from the air
Trench systems ran from Switzerland to the North Sea

22. Wet conditions inside the trenches produced “trench foot”

23. Severe Russian defeats Russian Revolution Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Withdrawal of Russia from war
Lenin – Russian leader

24. Australian troops at Gallipoli
Entrance of Ottoman Empire
Allied attacks on Middle East
Gallipoli
Asia
Africa
Australian troops at Gallipoli

25. Churchill’s idea to break the deadlock on the Western Front

27. United States entered war in 1917 Allies on verge of collapse
WWI began 1914
United States entered war in 1917
Allies on verge of collapse
Entrance of US signals beginning of end for Central Powers
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Zimmerman telegram
Financial stake in Allied success

30. British naval blockade
Hunger / revolts in Central Powers
Armistice to be based on Wilson’s Fourteen Points

31. Key Aspects of Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Freedom of the Seas
Self Determination
Free Trade
Key Aspects of Wilson’s Fourteen Points
League of Nations
Arms Reduction
Restoration of Belgium
Independent Poland and Czechoslovakia

32. Versailles Treaty Harsh and humiliating Reparations
Foundation for rise of Nazis and WWII

33. Destruction of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Destruction of the German Empire
Destruction of the Ottoman Empire
Destruction of the Russian Empire and the creation of Communist Soviet Union (USSR)
Weakening of the surviving Western empires
Creation of new states: Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia
Territorial gains by Italy, France, Britain

34. The Treaty of Versailles
Return of Colonies and Territory
German War Guilt
Reparations
The Treaty of Versailles
German Disarmament
Occupation of the Rhineland
Establishment of Mandates
League of Nations

35. Decline in power of League of Nations
US Senate rejects Treaty of Versailles
Germans bitter over terms of Treaty
Rise of Adolf Hitler
Asian and African colonies angry at broken promises
Rise of Independence Movements

36. Americas Europe Africa Asia Middle East
United States congress does not agrees to join League of nations
Depression hits
Latin American cash crops fall in price
Spread of socialist and communist ideas
Fear of future wars
Mexican revolution part II for peasant land redistribution
Roosevelt corollary continues
Versailles treaty leaves out Central powers. France and Great Britain wishes to punish Germany. Europe suffers from Great depression because of War costs.
Russia signs omitted because of Communist Revolution 1917.
Ottoman and Austria-Hungary divided into new territories (self-determination)
“lost generation” leads to fear of future wars
Rise of totalitarian dictators (Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, Franco)
Many promised independence if they fought for their colonizers (did not get it) . Taught them how to kill “white people”
Inspired nationalist sentiment which would eventually lead to decolonization after WWII
Many given mandate or protectorate status after war
Many were at the Versailles conference but received nothing
Colonization will continue
India and Viet Nam would gain nationalist ambitions but would not see independence until after the second war.
Japan recognized as a player which would eventually cede territories in the South Pacific which once belonged to Germany. Inspires imperialist ambitions.
China disregarded and created civil chaos and May fourth movement (unintended) to inspire students to fight for more rights (like the 1989 Tiananmen square protests)
Saudi Arabia the only independent nation from the Ottoman Empire which gains popular sovereignty
Most become British or French Mandates (technically still under their control) because of oils in region
Balfour Declaration (British promise of an independent Jewish homeland) fuels Zionism (not realized until 1948)
Sykes-Picot agreement (secret agreement between France and Great Britain to create an independent Palestine) unfulfilled but continued Pan-Arab nationalism

37. Propaganda