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Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks

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1 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks
Eric Angat Teacher

2 Sedimentary Rock # 14 Shale- gray, fine grained, layered.
Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles that we commonly call "mud".

3 Sedimentary Rock # 13 Sandstone – layered.
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains of mineral, rock or organic material.

4 Sedimentary Rock #15 Limestone – layered.
Limestone is a sedimentary rock consisting of more than 50% calcium carbonate (calcite - CaCO3). There are many different types of limestone formed through a variety of processes. Limestone can be precipitated from water (non-clastic, chemical or inorganic limestone), secreted by marine organisms such as algae and coral (biochemical limestone), or can form from the shells of dead sea creatures (bioclastic limestone).

5 Sedimentary Rock #16 Conglomerate – gravel sized pebbles are evident.
Conglomerate is made up of rounded pebbles cemented together. The pebbles have been rounded by the action of moving water. This could be from a river or stream or from waves on a long ago beach.

6 Sedimentary Rock #12 Gypsum – white, powdery.
Gypsum is found in nature in mineral and rock form. As a mineral, it can form very pretty, and sometimes extremely large, crystals. As a rock, gypsum is a sedimentary rock, typically found in thick beds or layers.

7 Clast refers to the fragments of rocks.
Conglomerates have rounded clasts Breccias have angular clasts Clast refers to the fragments of rocks. Angular clasts did not erode far from where the rock formed.

8 Identifying Metamorphic Rocks

9 Arkose is a raw, coarse-grained sandstone, deposited very near its source, that consists of quartz and a significant proportion of feldspar. Arkose is known to be young because of its content of feldspar, a mineral that usually degrades quickly into clay.

10 Sedimentary clastic sandstone

11 Clastic rocks: Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or CLASTS, of pre-existing minerals and rock. A clast is a fragment of broken rock. Angular clasts Rounded clasts

12 Non-clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Layered Fine particles

13 clastic 11 Arkose pink # of the Rock Name of Rock Color Texture
I. Observing Sedimentary Rock 11 Arkose Gypsum 13 Sandstone Shale Limestone Conglomerate # of the Rock Name of Rock Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above. Color Is it black, white, grey etc.? Type of Sedimentary rock Clastic Chemical Biologic Shape of Clasts Non-clastic Angular Sub-rounded Well-rounded Texture Coarse Medium Fine SORTING Poorly sorted Well sorted Grains and matrix clastic 11 Arkose pink

14 Shape of Particles Angular Sub-rounded Well-rounded

15 11 Arkose pink clastic Angular # of the Rock Name of Rock Color
I. Observing Sedimentary Rock 11 Arkose Gypsum 13 Sandstone Shale Limestone Conglomerate # of the Rock Name of Rock Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above. Color Is it black, white, grey etc.? Type of Sedimentary rock Clastic Chemical Biologic Shape of Clasts Non-clastic Angular Sub-rounded Well-rounded Texture Coarse Medium Fine SORTING Poorly sorted Well sorted Grains and matrix 11 Arkose pink clastic Angular

16 Coarse Grain size/texture Medium Fine

17 11 Arkose pink clastic Coarse # of the Rock Name of Rock Color Texture
I. Observing Sedimentary Rock 11 Arkose Gypsum 13 Sandstone Shale Limestone Conglomerate # of the Rock Name of Rock Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above. Color Is it black, white, grey etc.? Type of Sedimentary rock Clastic Chemical Biologic Shape of Clasts Non-clastic Angular Sub-rounded Well-rounded Texture Coarse Medium Fine SORTING Poorly sorted Well sorted Grains and matrix 11 Arkose pink clastic Angular Coarse

18 Sorting Poorly Sorted Well Sorted

19 Poorly Sorted 11 Arkose pink clastic # of the Rock Name of Rock Color
I. Observing Sedimentary Rock 11 Arkose Gypsum 13 Sandstone Shale Limestone Conglomerate # of the Rock Name of Rock Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above. Color Is it black, white, grey etc.? Type of Sedimentary rock Clastic Chemical Biologic Shape of Clasts Non-clastic Angular Sub-rounded Well-rounded Texture Coarse Medium Fine SORTING Poorly sorted Well sorted Grains and matrix Poorly Sorted 11 Arkose pink clastic Angular Coarse

20 Metamorphic Rock #24 Slate- black, fine grained, folitated

21 Metamorphic Rock #22 Marble-white, non foliated rock.

22 Metamorphic Rock #25 Gneiss- black and white banding, foliated

23 Metamorphic Rock #23 Schist – fine foliations, visible crystals
Schist is formed by regional metamorphism has coarse mineral grains.

24 Metamorphic Rock #21 Amphibolite- black with small crystals.

25 Metamorphic Rock #26 Antrhacite- black, light weight.
Anthracite Coal Metamorphic Rock.  Black rock formed from plant material and has no grains.  Anthracite is the rarest and most expensive form of coal. 

26 Identifying Metamorphic Rocks

27 Clastic Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock Foliated Foliated rocks are
due to heat and pressure. Layered rocks are due to compaction. Clastic sedimentary rock Foliated metamorphic rock

28 25 Gneiss 25 Gneiss WHITE AND GREY BANDING
II. Observing Metamorphic Rock 21 Amphibolite 22 marble Schist Slate 25 Gneiss Anthracite # of the Rock Name of Rock Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above. Color Is it shiny, dull, black, white, grey etc.? Is it foliated or non foliated? Contact metamorphism Or Regional metamorphism Texture Is it smooth or rough? 25 Gneiss WHITE AND GREY BANDING 25 Gneiss

29 25 Gneiss 25 Gneiss Foliated II. Observing Metamorphic Rock
21 Amphibolite 22 marble Schist Slate 25 Gneiss Anthracite # of the Rock Name of Rock Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above. Color Is it shiny, dull, black, white, grey etc.? Is it foliated or non foliated? Contact metamorphism Or Regional metamorphism Texture Is it smooth or rough? 25 Gneiss WHITE AND GREY BANDING Foliated 25 Gneiss

30 Foliation not very visible
Shallow and cool Non foliated Contact metamorphism Regional metamorphism Foliation not very visible Regional metamorphism Deep –high pressure Very hot Foliation is very visible

31 25 Gneiss 25 Gneiss Foliated II. Observing Metamorphic Rock
21 Amphibolite 22 marble Schist Slate 25 Gneiss Anthracite # of the Rock Name of Rock Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above. Color Is it shiny, dull, black, white, grey etc.? Is it foliated or non foliated? Contact metamorphism Or Regional metamorphism Texture Is it smooth or rough? 25 Gneiss 25 Gneiss WHITE AND GREY BANDING Foliated Regional metamorphism

32 25 Gneiss 25 Gneiss Foliated Rough
II. Observing Metamorphic Rock 21 Amphibolite 22 marble Schist Slate 25 Gneiss Anthracite # of the Rock Name of Rock Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above. Color Is it shiny, dull, black, white, grey etc.? Is it foliated or non foliated? Contact metamorphism Or Regional metamorphism Texture Is it smooth or rough? 25 Gneiss 25 Gneiss WHITE AND GREY BANDING Foliated Regional metamorphism Rough Feel the rock with your fingers and decide its texture.

33 Classify the following rock samples.
Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock Igneous rock Clastic Chemical biological intrusive extrusive Foliated or regional Non foliated or contact sandstone granite gneiss basalt marble shale slate


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