2. WWII: Home-Front (1941-45) I.Intro II.Government Grows –Finances –Government Control III.Society/Economy A.Patriotism B.Economy/Jobs C.Women & Family D.Race Relations V.Conc. Key Terms Revenue Act War Productions Board Office of Price Administration Braceros Executive Order 9066

3. Finances Cost of WWII- $250 million per day Solutions: Money was borrowed –1941 debt: $48 Billion –1945 debt: $247 Billion Thomas Hart Benton, “Back Him Up” Solutions: Revenue Act of 1942

4. Revenue Act (1942) 1.Instituted “withholding taxes.” 2.Tax rates for all were increased. Shows growth of Government’s power.

5. Government Grows Government Agencies: –WPB –OPA

6. War Productions Board Oversaw conversion of economy from civilian to military supplies. –Ex: Auto Industry By 1945 US produced more than Germany, Italy & Japan combined. Don Nelson, WPB Chair & Former head of Sears & Roebuck

7. Auto Industry Mobilizes Chrysler-tanks Ford-Jeeps & Planes (Willow Run assembly line was one mile long & ¼ mile wide).

8. Government Grows: Office Of Price Administration Rationed goods & established price controls Examples: steel, sugar, coffee, rubber, gasoline, etc. Slogan: “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without.” National Speed Limit: 35 mph

9. Patriotism & Baseball $55,000/year $21.00/month Hank Greenberg National Anthem

10. Patriotism & Enlistments 1941-1.6 million in US armed forces 1945-15 million men & 350,000 women in US armed forces Recruiting Poster US Navy Recruiting Booklet

11. Patriotism & War Bonds Many showed their support by purchasing war bonds Thomas Hart Benton, “Back Him Up”

12. Boom Economic Average Salaries (US)* 1939-$1,500/year 1945-$3,000/year Unemployment (MI)* 1933-46% 1944- 0.6% *Figures are approximate

13. Women In The Workforce 1941-1945 6.5 million women enter workforce. No equal pay for equal work. Women were still responsible for “traditional chores.”

14. War & American Family Marriages & birthrates increased; so did divorces High school enrollments dropped Rates of juvenile delinquency increased Hurley Family Photo

15. WWII & Hispanic Laborers US negotiated Bracero program due to labor shortage (1942-64). Mexican citizens worked in US—about 4 million. US farmers became dependent upon Bracero laborers. Bracero workers on a California farm (1944)

16. Home Front Economic Boom & Demographic Patterns Black Population Seattle: 4,000-40,000 Detroit: increased by nearly 50,000

17. Black Americans Leave South Over 700,000 African Americans left South Racial tension developed

18. Racial Tension (Housing) A group gathers near the Sojourner Truth Housing Project (1942)

19. Black Americans Leave South Detroit Race Riots (1943). 25 blacks and 9 whites were killed.

20. Japanese Americans Executive Order 9066 110,000 on West Coast forced into “Internment Camps” 2/3 were US citizens Reparations were granted in 1988

21. Holocaust (Hitler’s “Final Solution”) 6 million Jews (out of a worldwide Jewish population of about 15 million) 3.7 million Soviets 12,000/day at Auschwitz 30 Jewish women starved to death on 300 mile march

22. WWII: Home-Front (1941-45) I.Intro II.Government Grows –Finances –Government Control III.Society/Economy A.Patriotism B.Economy/Jobs C.Women & Family D.Race Relations V.Conc. Key Terms Revenue Act War Productions Board Office of Price Administration Braceros Executive Order 9066