1. The Significance of Peace and Human Solidarity Koji Sugino Nakamura, Professor of International Education, Konan University, Japan: koji@konan-u.ac.jp Koji Sugino Nakamura, Professor of International Education, Konan University, Japan: koji@konan-u.ac.jp “ A classroom is not diminished if students and professors regard one another as “ whole ” human beings, striving not just for knowledge in books, but knowledge about how to live in the world. ” ( hooks: 1994) “ A classroom is not diminished if students and professors regard one another as “ whole ” human beings, striving not just for knowledge in books, but knowledge about how to live in the world. ” ( hooks: 1994)

2. BEFORE

3. AFTER

4. Hiroshima: August 6, 1945, am. 7:31

5. Nagasaki: August 9, 1945,11:02 a.m.

6. Where is Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

9. Poems written by victims of Atomic Bombs An Atomic Bomb An Atomic Bomb “ When an atomic bomb falls “ When an atomic bomb falls A day becomes a night. A day becomes a night. People become ghosts. ” People become ghosts. ” -Hatsumi Sakamoto, 9ears old. -Hatsumi Sakamoto, 9ears old. "I will write peace on your wings and you will fly all over the world." - Sadako Sasaki "I will write peace on your wings and you will fly all over the world." - Sadako Sasaki

10. Thousands of children fold brightly colored paper cranes and place them under Sadako's monument every year. Beneath her statue lie, not just 644, not just a thousand, but millions of paper cranes. Each one has been carefully folded by young hands hoping for peace. Each one represents one person's private prayer for a peaceful world. The brightly colored origami crane has become a symbol of peace, not only for the children of Japan, but also for people around the world. Thousands of children fold brightly colored paper cranes and place them under Sadako's monument every year. Beneath her statue lie, not just 644, not just a thousand, but millions of paper cranes. Each one has been carefully folded by young hands hoping for peace. Each one represents one person's private prayer for a peaceful world. The brightly colored origami crane has become a symbol of peace, not only for the children of Japan, but also for people around the world.

11. Give Back Peace Give back father, give back mother, Give back grandpa, give back grandma, Give back boys, give back girls. Give me back myself, give me back men Linked to me. As long as men live as men, Give back peace, Peace that never crumbles. by Sankichi Toge Japan (1917-1953)

12. A Hiroshima A-Bomb victim, Ms. Kurihara Sadako, once wrote the following passage in one of her poems: It was night in the basement of a broken building Victims of the atomic bomb Crowded into the candleless darkness Filling the room to overflowing The smell of fresh blood, the stench of death The stuffiness of human sweat, the writhing moans When, out of the darkness, came a wondrous voice Oh! The baby's coming!" it said.......... And so, a new life was born In the darkness of that living hell.......... We shall give forth new life! We shall bring forth new life! Even to our death It was night in the basement of a broken building Victims of the atomic bomb Crowded into the candleless darkness Filling the room to overflowing The smell of fresh blood, the stench of death The stuffiness of human sweat, the writhing moans When, out of the darkness, came a wondrous voice Oh! The baby's coming!" it said.......... And so, a new life was born In the darkness of that living hell.......... We shall give forth new life! We shall bring forth new life! Even to our death

13. Web Site of the Atomic Bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki http://www.csi.ad.jp/ABOMB/ http://www1.city.nagasaki.nagasaki.jp/na- http://www.csi.ad.jp/ABOMB/ http://www1.city.nagasaki.nagasaki.jp/na- http://www.csi.ad.jp/ABOMB/ http://www1.city.nagasaki.nagasaki.jp/na- http://www.csi.ad.jp/ABOMB/ http://www1.city.nagasaki.nagasaki.jp/na- bomb/museum/museume01.html bomb/museum/museume01.html http://www.hiroshima- is.ac.jp/Hiroshima/poems.htm http://www.hiroshima- is.ac.jp/Hiroshima/poems.htm http://www.hiroshima- is.ac.jp/Hiroshima/poems.htm http://www.hiroshima- is.ac.jp/Hiroshima/poems.htm http://www.atomic archive.com/Example/Example1.html http://www.atomic archive.com/Example/Example1.html http://www2.iinet.com/art/20th/european /spanish/picasso/picass01.jpg http://www2.iinet.com/art/20th/european /spanish/picasso/picass01.jpg http://www2.iinet.com/art/20th/european /spanish/picasso/picass01.jpg http://www2.iinet.com/art/20th/european /spanish/picasso/picass01.jpg Hiroshima--Was It Necessary? http://www.doug-long.com Hiroshima--Was It Necessary? http://www.doug-long.com http://www.doug-long.com http://sg.geocities.com/raiha_evelyn/hiroshima.h tml http://sg.geocities.com/raiha_evelyn/hiroshima.h tml http://sg.geocities.com/raiha_evelyn/hiroshima.h tml http://sg.geocities.com/raiha_evelyn/hiroshima.h tml http://www.pcf.city.hiroshima.jp/peacesite/English/Stage1/ S1-4E.htm http://www.pcf.city.hiroshima.jp/peacesite/English/Stage1/ S1-4E.htm

14. Our Fragile earth devastated by Nuclear Tests and Wars

15. The number of nuclear warheads in 2002 Stockholm International Peace Research Country Strategic Non Strategic Total Country Strategic Non Strategic Total US 6480 1120 7600 US 6480 1120 7600 Russia 4951 3380 8331 Russia 4951 3380 8331 UK 185 185 UK 185 185 France 348 348 France 348 348 China 282 120 402 China 282 120 402 India (30-35) ＊ India (30-35) ＊ Pakistan (24-48) ＊ Pakistan (24-48) ＊ Israel (200) ＊ Israel (200) ＊ Total 12246 4620 17150 Total 12246 4620 17150 Potential Nuclear warheads ３６８０ ０ Potential Nuclear warheads ３６８０ ０

16. How many wars have we been engaged in since 1945 ? There were 55 wars and armed conflicts in Africa, 36 in Asia, 25 in Latin America, 23 in Middle East and 13 in Europe since 1945. There were 55 wars and armed conflicts in Africa, 36 in Asia, 25 in Latin America, 23 in Middle East and 13 in Europe since 1945. (Peace Pledge Union :2005) (Peace Pledge Union :2005) Tragically 26 wars and armed conflicts are still going on even today. The total death toll in wars and armed conflicts between 1945-2000 stands at 50-51 million (Leitenberg Center for International and Security Studies at university of Maryland 2005) Tragically 26 wars and armed conflicts are still going on even today. The total death toll in wars and armed conflicts between 1945-2000 stands at 50-51 million (Leitenberg Center for International and Security Studies at university of Maryland 2005)

17. Military Expenditure of the World The US spent $5.5 trillion for developing nuclear weapons between １９４０ to 1996 The US spent $5.5 trillion for developing nuclear weapons between １９４０ to 1996 The world spent $ ７５０ billion on weapons The world spent $ ７５０ billion on weapons every year. （ UNDP ：１９９４ ) every year. （ UNDP ：１９９４ ) The world has spent $ 35 trillion on conventional weapons. The world has spent $ 35 trillion on conventional weapons. The US ’ s military budget in 2004 is about $ 300 billion and $330 billion in 2005 The US ’ s military budget in 2004 is about $ 300 billion and $330 billion in 2005 ( State of the world 2004) ( State of the world 2004)

18. Facts : Fatality of Wars, Refugees, Street Children and Child Labor The fatality of The World War II : The fatality of The World War II : ６５ millions (4 ０ millions were civilians) ６５ millions (4 ０ millions were civilians) The fatality of wars after the World War II: The fatality of wars after the World War II: ２５ millions ２５ millions The number of Refugees today: The number of Refugees today: ２６ millions (60% are children and women) ２６ millions (60% are children and women) Street Children: 30 millions 、 Street Children: 30 millions 、 Child Labor: 246 millions Child Labor: 246 millions Child Solders: 800000 Child Solders: 800000 40000 children under the age of 5 are dying of preventable causes every day. 40000 children under the age of 5 are dying of preventable causes every day. ＷＨＯ、ＵＮＤＰ（１９ ９７） ＷＨＯ、ＵＮＤＰ（１９ ９７）

20. Global Human Rights Issues Civil Wars, Refugees, Poverty, Hunger, Child Labor and AIDS are all linked with each other. Global Human Rights Issues Civil Wars, Refugees, Poverty, Hunger, Child Labor and AIDS are all linked with each other.

21. Reality: Child Labor Children are victims of poverty. ２４６ millions of children are forced to work. ２４６ millions of children are forced to work. ７３ millions of them are under 10 years old. ７３ millions of them are under 10 years old. 125 millions of them are out of school. 125 millions of them are out of school. ２２０００ children are dying while working. ２２０００ children are dying while working. １２７ millions are working in Asia & Pacific. １２７ millions are working in Asia & Pacific. ４８ millions are working sub-Sahara Africa ４８ millions are working sub-Sahara Africa 8.4 millions children are victims of child slavery, tracking, debtor labor, prostitution and pornography. 8.4 millions children are victims of child slavery, tracking, debtor labor, prostitution and pornography. ( ILO and State of the World 2004) ( ILO and State of the World 2004)

23. The Voice from Edward Said Lecture at Cairo Univ. in 2003 You cannot deal with others without profound knowledge of his or her culture, society and history. You cannot deal with others without profound knowledge of his or her culture, society and history. Force never works, because you can never destroys the will of people and the power of people. Force never works, because you can never destroys the will of people and the power of people. Idea is equality, coexistence and sustainable life. Idea is equality, coexistence and sustainable life. The present is our battle ground and knowledge is our main weapons. The present is our battle ground and knowledge is our main weapons. (Said:2003) (Said:2003)

24. Global Literacy: A New Paradigm for Global Citizenship Education Global literacy includes cross-cultural competence and sensitivity with multicultural, transcultural and transnational perspectives. Global literacy includes cross-cultural competence and sensitivity with multicultural, transcultural and transnational perspectives. It also requires communicative competence in English as an International Language (EIL) for global dialogue. It also requires communicative competence in English as an International Language (EIL) for global dialogue. Also it develops cognitive, affective, social skills to reconcile from mutual strength and integrate seemingly opposing values on a higher level for the purpose of equitable coexistence. Also it develops cognitive, affective, social skills to reconcile from mutual strength and integrate seemingly opposing values on a higher level for the purpose of equitable coexistence.

25. Can we survive or perish? This is a point of departure for Global Education. Korten (1999) states that it is now our time to accept responsibility for our freedom or perish as a species that failed to find its place of service in the web of life. Korten (1999) states that it is now our time to accept responsibility for our freedom or perish as a species that failed to find its place of service in the web of life.

26. How can we cope with different cultures with an effective strategy for cultural confrontation? The key answer: The key answer: awareness awareness respect respect communication communication reconciliation from mutually shared strength. reconciliation from mutually shared strength.

27. Survive or Perish ? Whether we will be able to survive as brothers and sisters with a sense of human solidarity, or we will perish as strangers preoccupied with enormous speculation of money, aimless competition, ignorance and indifference depends on global citizenship education for the future generations. We have to build a more peaceful and sustainable global/local community with global perspectives Whether we will be able to survive as brothers and sisters with a sense of human solidarity, or we will perish as strangers preoccupied with enormous speculation of money, aimless competition, ignorance and indifference depends on global citizenship education for the future generations. We have to build a more peaceful and sustainable global/local community with global perspectives

28. A SUGGESTION for peaceful coexistence A SUGGESTION for peaceful coexistence To be accepted To be accepted we must accept others. we must accept others. To be respected To be respected we must respect others. we must respect others. To be loved To be loved we must love others. we must love others.