1. Health Related Causes of Undernutrition Text extracted from The World Food Problem Leathers & Foster, 2004 http://www.lastfirst.net/images/product/R004548.jpg

2. Health and Nutrition Poor nutrition leads to poor health AND Poor health leads to poor nutrition Vicious cycle Girl with Marasmus in Darfur, Sudan http://www.drfletcherinafrica.co.uk/marasmus4.jpg

3. http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/nut/images/malnutrition_chart.gif

4. Infections also cause Malnutrition Loss of appetite –Intolerance of food Cultural factors –Substitution of less nutritious diet when sick Body loss of protein –Used to fight infection http://www.sikhspectrum.com/112006/images/u2.gif

5. Disease and dietary deficiencies Keratomalacia: Blindness –Vitamin A deficiency Scurvy: Soft gums –Vitamin C deficiency Beri-beri: Nerve inflamation –Vitamin B1 deficiency Pellagra: Skin disorder –Niacin deficiency Anemia: Blood disorder –Iron, B12 deficiency Pellagra http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/18103.jpg

6. Diarrhea and Nutrition Diarrhea most common infection causing undernutrion – Kwashiorkor induced by diarrhea Worst in children under 5 Diarrhea reduces –Water –Salts Fatal if dehydration > 15% –60-70% diarrhea deaths caused by dehydration http://www.ghi.com/WebMD/topics/diarrhea.jpg

7. Causes of Diarrhea Rotavirus Cholera Shigella Samonella Parasites Etc. http://203.190.254.12/picture/HSB41_Ban_03.jpg

8. Rotavirus Diarrhea http://www.brown.edu/Courses/Bio_160/Projects2004/rotavirus/Images/globaldistribution.jpg

9. Oral Rehydration Therapy Diarrheal salt loss cannot be corrected by drinking salt water –More fluid pulled from body into intestine If add sugar to salt, –sugar crosses intestinal lining –pulls salt into body Signs of dehydration http://www.wikieducator.org/images/6/61/Signsdehydration.jpg

10. Oral Rehydration Therapy “The cheapest and most effective health intervention that can be implemented in the home to decrease childhood mortality” –UNICEF Diluted salt water with sugar http://ec.europa.eu/research/headlines/images2/cholera_rehydrate.jpg

11. Malnutrition Exacerbates Infection Philippine children with respiratory infection were 13x more likely to die – if malnourished Malnutrition aggravates –Intestinal diseases –Worms –Parasites Philippine Children http://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/images/2007/05/15/main_riverside_children203_203x152.jpg

12. Malnutition Exacerbates Infection Malnutrition most common cause of immune system deficiencies –Decreases in white cell response Interferon skin integrity Mucous membranes Tissue replacement, repair Children with PEM –Atrophied thymus –poor T cell production White blood cell surrounded by red blood cells http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/antenna/cancerkillers/images/cells.jpg

13. Malnutrition reduces Stamina Reduced capacity to cope with life Reduced job performance Reduced income for –Healthcare –Transportation to clinics –Medicines Uganda Health Clinic http://www.doctorsforafrica.org/images/mulanda_health_centre.jpg