1. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Status & Research Update
Lisa Becton, DVM, MS, DACVPM
Dir. Swine Health Info & Research
National Pork Board

2. PEDV status world-wide
PEDV is currently active and considered endemic in different parts of the world (China, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam – Pacific rim countries).
Canada had first positive cases in January 2014
Different strains identified in the U.K. (1970s) that did not appear as pathogenic as the Chinese strains
Other countries with cases: Germany, Spain, France, Mexico, Colombia; Ecuador, Ukraine, Peru
PEDV is considered to be a production disease.
Primary management tools within the U.S. = focus on targeted biosecurity efforts.
Killed vaccines are approved for use in the U.S. (two currently approved).

3. AASV Case Reports

4.
Courtesy of NAHLN

5. U.S. Swine Health Monitoring Project
752 breeding sites (20 systems)
2.1M sows

6. As of January 15, 2015

7. Research/Knowledge Update

8. Research for PEDV & PDCoV
2013
~$1 million for research
Funded 14 projects
Basics of disease
Sow immunity (initial work)
Foundation for biosecurity
2014
~$2 million for research
Funded 35 projects
Feed focus
Animal focus
Biosecurity validation
Disease monitoring

9. PEDV Research Priorities
Basic Research of PEDV:
Who - What - Where - When - Why - How…
Diagnostic test development
Basics of disease transmission and survivability
Sow immunity: (project duration ~ 12 months)
Duration of immunity
Optimizing feedback protocols
Diagnostic tests to assess sow and piglet immunity to PEDV

10. PEDV/PDCoV Research For 2014
Research priorities – 2014:
Feed Focus:
Risk assessment for feed as transmission source
Intervention methods for feed (pelleting/additives)
Post-processing time on virus
Novel bioassay models
Biosecurity Validation
Animal Focus:
PEDV immunity development
PDCoV = pathogenicity & diagnostic test development

11. PEDV/PDCoV Research For 2015
Hone in on more specifics of development, duration and optimization of sow immunity (based on 2013/2014 work)
Feed interventions (based off of info from 2014)
Novel vaccine administration technologies

12. Basics of virus survival - What have we learned?
Survivability of the virus
PEDV can survive in many different conditions:
Pits; feed slurry; manure; water – fresh and recycle; feed ingredients
Survive in cold conditions
Survivability in pits can be time dependent
PEDV + PCR found at 4 & 6 months
PEDV bioassay only + for 4 month

13. Key Messages
PEDV survives for extended time in various substances = clean/disinfect for best control
For pit/manure management:
Work at farms with longest time since infection first, and farms most recently infected last
Communication x 10 with all parties involved!!

14. Transportation - What have we learned?
Transportation management is critical!!!
Certain procedures for trucks can kill the virus:
160˚F for 10 minutes kills PEDV
68˚F for 7 days kills PEDV
Clean, disinfect and heat (see above) can kill PEDV and other pathogens!
Quaternary ammonium/gluteraldehyde
Accel – hydrogen peroxide mix
Others… (bleach; phenolics etc.)

15. Key Messages Prevent contamination as much as possible.
Create a “Line of Separation”
Keep clean and dirty equipment separate
Avoid contamination of high risk areas
Focus on removal of organic material for effective cleaning and disinfection.
Goal = reduce the virus load on equipment

16. Identify the “Line of Separation”
No cross traffic at this point !

17. Examples of the Line of Separation

18. Feed/Feed Systems - What have we learned?
Feed management
Takes a very small amount of virus to infect pigs!
Some potential products can help to eliminate virus in feed
Formaldehyde based; medium chain fatty acids; essential oils
Assessment of pelleting and heat treatment may be effective for point-in-time virus control

19. Immunity - What have we learned?
Immunity to the virus
We now have many different diagnostic tools to detect PEDV:
Can detect the virus (PCR)
Can detect exposure to the virus (ELISA or IFA)
Can evaluate the level of immunity to the virus (FFN, IFA)
Basics of immunity:
Gut immunity is needed for protection
Piglets need to consume milk to be protected against PEDV
The response to PEDV can vary by sow and so can protection passed to piglets

20. Immunity - What have we learned?
Immunity to the virus
Sows do respond to feedback and develop antibodies
Oral exposure is best but exposure also causes clinical illness
Vaccines can help, but killed products may not have enough foreign protein to stimulate immunity
Sow immunity:
Immunity has been seen for at least 6-7 months
Work being done on cross-protection and some degree of protection may be happening
Will use results of these studies for continuation of work for 2015*

21. Communication of Research Results
Provide producers with “real-time” results
Created a PEDV-specific site for all information
Research updates available bi-weekly until project completion ; See for biweekly updates

22. How do we get better prepared for the “next time”?

23. Emerging Diseases of Swine
Examples of recent emerging diseases of concern:
Porcine Circovirus Type 2b (China)
PEDV
Porcine kubovirus

24. NPPC 2014 Resolution NPPC Forum Resolution 2014:
A proposed plan of coordination and program execution for the US Swine Industry in the event of the identification/introduction of any new economically significant swine disease (defined as not currently identified in the United States as of March 1, 2014).
This shall include all possible non-reportable diseases which may afflict swine

25. Working on Our Preparedness
Response Plan
NPPC is managing in 2015
Coordinated state-federal-industry response
Swine Matrix Project = Identifying “What’s next?”
AASV is managing in 2015
Will need research and updating
Swine disease information sharing
NPB is managing in 2015
Swine Health and Information Center
To address these concerns about how to better address future emerging diseases NPPC passed a wide-ranging resolution at this spring’s Pork Forum.
It was a multi-part resolution – including developing a plan in the event of new economically significant swine diseases. T

26. Response Plan – NPPC Focus
Working with industry and government partners to provide input and guidance for an emerging disease response plan
Outline clear responsibilities for all parties
Have that available to all parties for use
Have had several in-person meetings and document is becoming finalized

27. Swine Disease Matrix project
Identify “what’s next”?
Use both US and global surveillance of literature, reports, other info for diseases of potential interest
Literature search on targeted diseases
Identify basic knowledge gaps
Focus resource deployment
Develop a one pager on prioritized diseases
Work with government partners (federal and state)
Determine roles and outcomes –
Define who handles data, confidentiality, disease control measures?

28. Key Points Focus on global production diseases
Establish a mechanism for evaluating disease implications and prioritizing threats
Work towards recognizing and filling resource/knowledge gaps
Establish a diagnostic/surveillance system that searches for the introduction of emerging diseases

29. Expert Working Group Patrick Webb - NPB Joe Connor - Practitioner
Doug MacDougald – Practitioner (Canada)
Kent Schwartz – ISU VDL
Eric Bush – USDA Epidemiologist
Dick Hesse – KSU Virologist
Jane Christopher-Henning – SDSU VDL
Mike McIntosh – USDA FADDL
Dermott Hayes – Ag Economist
Kurt Rossow – MN VDL
John Waddell – AASV SHC Chair
Harry Snelson – AASV
Mark Engle – WG Chair (unable to attend)

30. Swine Pathogen Matrix Project

31. Swine Health and Information Center
Mission
To protect and enhance the health of the US swine herd through
targeted research investments that minimize the impact of future disease threats;
collection and analysis of swine health data
global disease monitoring.
To address these concerns about how to better address future emerging diseases NPPC passed a wide-ranging resolution at this spring’s Pork Forum.
It was a multi-part resolution – including developing a plan in the event of new economically significant swine diseases. T

32. Swine Health and Information Center
Operations
Work in synergy with the National Pork Board, the National Pork Producers Council, and the American Association of Swine Veterinarians
Add to and not duplicate the capabilities of the associations
Location
Virtual “Center”
To address these concerns about how to better address future emerging diseases NPPC passed a wide-ranging resolution at this spring’s Pork Forum.
It was a multi-part resolution – including developing a plan in the event of new economically significant swine diseases. T

33. Swine Health and Information Center
Board of Directors
Direction and oversight of programs
Research Selection Task Force
Endemic Swine Disease Task Force
International Swine Disease Task Force
Lifespan
5 year lifetime unless it is extended by recommendation of the Center’s Board of Directors and the approval by the NPB
To address these concerns about how to better address future emerging diseases NPPC passed a wide-ranging resolution at this spring’s Pork Forum.
It was a multi-part resolution – including developing a plan in the event of new economically significant swine diseases. T

34. Swine Health and Information Center
Scope of Work:
Swine Disease Matrix project
Swine health data monitoring, management and analysis for disease trends
Priority Order:
Swine Health Monitoring Project
Emerging disease monitoring data
Production Animal Disease Risk Assessment Program (PADRAP)
Secure Pork Supply database
Trade support
USDA sanction of data is essential to fulfilling this function
To address these concerns about how to better address future emerging diseases NPPC passed a wide-ranging resolution at this spring’s Pork Forum.
It was a multi-part resolution – including developing a plan in the event of new economically significant swine diseases. T

35. Summary
PEDV probably will not be the last emerging disease the industry faces; therefore, an emerging disease plan is essential!!
As part of that plan, monitoring of global disease issues is critical and includes pre-emptive plan for key needs for disease Dx and management
Cooperation and collaboration between all sectors of industry and government is a must.

36. Questions?