1. Niels Tuning (1) Topical Lectures on CP violation Experimental Discussion Session M. Merk N. Tuning

2. Menu  Why is K L   CP violation?  Why is oscillation/mixing pattern different for K, D, B, B s ?  Why is top quark (heaviest?!) dominant in the loop?  Why can B-factories measure negative decay time Δt?  What is better for B-physics: e + e - or pp ?  Find the difference: vs  What is this triangle?  Is there a problem (charged Higgs?) with Vub?  Why is lifetime different for B s 0 H vs B s 0 L, not for B 0 H vs B 0 L ?  What are kaons? Niels Tuning (2)

3. Cronin & Fitch Why is the detection of 2 pions CP violation? –Fraction of K S is CP-, and decays to CP- final state … What about regeneration? Niels Tuning (3)

4. Why such different pattern? Niels Tuning (4)

5. Why is the top quark dominant in the loop? Niels Tuning (5)

6. Why is the top quark dominant in the loop? Niels Tuning (6)

7. B-factories (e + e - ) What is that x-axis Δt ? How can that be negative ? Niels Tuning (7)

8. Pro’s and cons: Babar vs LHCb Niels Tuning (8)

9. Pro’s and cons: Babar vs LHCb B cross section: 1 nb vs 300 ub –Luminosity: 1 ab -1 vs 1fb -1 Tagging: 5% vs 50% B vs Bs Proper time resolution Niels Tuning (9)

10. Pro’s and cons: Super-Belle vs LHCb upgrade Niels Tuning (10)

11. Niels Tuning (11)

12. Why (no) asymmetry here? Niels Tuning (12) B+B+ D0K+D0K+ D0K+D0K+ b  c favoured b  u suppressed K-π+K+K-π+K+ Cabibbo supp. Cabibbo allowed.

13. Unitarity Triangle? Niels Tuning (13)

14. V ub ? Niels Tuning (14)

15. V ub ? Niels Tuning (15) | V ub | from B→τν From: H.Lacker, and A.Buras, Beauty2011, Amsterdam | V ub | from fit |V ub | avg from semi-lep

16. ΔΓ vs ΔΓ s ? Niels Tuning (16)

17. What are kaons ? Niels Tuning (17) Different notation: confusing? K 1, K 2, K L, K S, K +, K -, K 0 It depends…:  Flavour eigenstate  Mass/lifetime eigenstate  CP eigenstate