1. Intelligent Surface Threat Identification System (ISTIS) IEEE Aerospace Conference 2007 Presented by:Robert Richards, Ph.D. Richards@StottlerHenke.comwww.stottlerhenke.com

2. Objectives Improve Littoral ID Process, quality, and efficiency – Better ID estimations from available data – Sooner ID determinations – Prevention of ID “Surprises” – Better use of scarce ID resources Investigate littoral, surface ID techniques Implement in the Intelligent Surface Threat ID System (ISTIS)

3. Related Projects Intelligent Identification Software Module (IISM) LCS Undersea Threat Assessment TAO ITS and ITS authoring tool GRTS TAO ITS Navy Tactics Representation and Execution System (TRES) Visual Intelligent Behavior Authoring (SimBionic) Advanced Early Warning Real-Time Advisory System (AEW/RTAS)

4. Motivation: Current Identification Problems Wide variation in ID abilities Knowing whose-who even after ID information received Track Split/Merge Maintaining Competing Hypotheses for a track Classified Automatic Track ID Problems Remembering Track History (both short and long-term) Analyzing behavior/correlations Correlating new tracks with previous tracks Knowing/Executing Optimal ID Procedures Quickly Assessing Threat

5. Architecture

6. AI Techniques Truth MaintenanceTruth Maintenance Case-Based ReasoningCase-Based Reasoning Behavior Transition Networks (BTNs)Behavior Transition Networks (BTNs) Fuzzy LogicFuzzy Logic Pattern Recognition/LearningPattern Recognition/Learning Constraint-Based Planning, Scheduling, and Resource OptimizationConstraint-Based Planning, Scheduling, and Resource Optimization Knowledge Elicitation / Cognitive Task AnalysisKnowledge Elicitation / Cognitive Task Analysis Expert SystemsExpert Systems

7. Example of Density of Contacts that Need Monitoring and Assessing

8. Example Scenario 1

9. Example Scenario 2.1

10. Example Scenario 2.2

11. Example Scenario 2.3

12. Example Scenario 2.4

13. Example Scenario 2.5 (Pause)

14. Example Scenario 2

15. ISTIS Capabilities Intelligent Tactical Memory:  Track attributes (position, velocity, ID information, History)  Associate previous tracks with new track information.  Complete track history (track merge or ID swap)  Past Relevant Tracks/Patterns used to recommend/warn  Definable ID, Threat Assessment, & Notification Criteria  Intelligent Track History Analysis (position/velocity/proximity/interactions/behavior correlations) to estimate associations & hostile intentions  Multiple Competing Hypotheses for ID (type/owner country) with Hierarchy of possible ID values (type, color/country)

16. ISTIS Capabilities (More & Re-stated) Merge-Split Processing for Radar Merges and Track Fades and Reasoning through Multiple Hypotheses Maneuver Correlation Detection Surface ID Processing, Fusion, and Behavior Analysis Action Recommendation based on Heuristics Route Planning to ID a Set of Contacts and/or Search an Area Ability of Tactical Personnel to Edit and Change ID, Alerting, and Recommendation Behaviors in Real-time

17. ISTIS Dynamic Map Display

18. ISTIS Track Information, Recommendations, and Alerts Display

19. Demonstration Strait of Malacca Alerts: Leaving commercial lanes / intercepting Merge-Split: automatic reasoning backward and forward Multiple hypothesis / Hierarchical reasoning Intercept/formation maneuver correlations Heading and UAV recommendations Immediate Threat alert Demo video

20. Conclusion ISTIS is an AI system that improves the Littoral ID Process, quality, and efficiency by – Better ID estimations from available data Tracking ambiguous signals storing and handling past target data – Sooner ID determinations – Prevention of ID “Surprises” assessing threat levels & notifying users of alert conditions – Better use of scarce ID resources filtering out insane data keeping track of multiple track hypotheses based on the fusion of evidence from multiple sources Capable today and continuing to be enhanced Lockheed Martin (a LCS Builder) is partner Interested in other potential users or partners

21. Intelligent Surface Threat Identification System (ISTIS) IEEE Aerospace Conference 2007 Presented by:Robert Richards, Ph.D. Richards@StottlerHenke.comwww.stottlerhenke.com