1. Women’s every day lives

2. Some real women

3. Some social realities 1. Most people lived in poverty. 2. Patriarchal structures subordinated certain people “by nature.” 3. Children were not idealized. 4. Divorce was common everywhere. 5. Connubium and concubinatus 6. tutela

4. Women were property owners, active in business

5. Grocer

6. Work at the fullonica

7. Women painters, Pompeii

8. Slavery Both men and women were slaves. Both men and women owned slaves; problem with “masters,” with “women, children, and slaves” How slaves were acquired: birth, abandonment, war, debt, self-sale Female slaves in houses, as private attendants, cooks, child-minders, wet-nurses Slaves as part of the household, included in household worship, burial Celebration of the Saturnalia Female slaves in brothels

9. Waitress in an Ostia taberna

10. Personal attendants

11. High fashion

12. Faustina Augusta, wife of Antoninus Pius, demonstrates the modest garb of the matrona

13. The Happy Family in First-Century Christian Perspective The Household Codes, based on treatises on household management 1. Colossians 3:18-4:1 2. Ephesians 5:21-6:9 3. 1 Peter 2:18-3:7 But what was the reality? Pauline family issues: “mixed marriages” were common; cf. Tertullian and Hippolytus The growing effect of asceticism (already in 1 Corinthians 7)

14. Family Monument of Q. Servilius Q L Hilarus, Sempronia C L Eune, and their son, Q. Servilius Closulus Q F

15. Midwife

16. Children’s toys, Ephesus

17. The traditional banquet arrangement

18. Female slaves in New Testament stories: Rhoda in Acts 12 unnamed paidiskē with a pneuma python (a spirit of divination) in Acts 16 Later famous Christian female slaves: Blandina in Lyon, Felicitas in Carthage A female slave loyal to one master can be admitted to baptism. (Ap. Const.)

19. Freed Couple, 20 BCE: P Aiedius PL Amphio and Aiedia PL Fausta Melior

20. Sotricus, imperial slave, made this for Fannia Secunda, his contubernalis

21. Julia Tryphera made this for herself and T. Julius Atimetus, her dear patron, and for their freed persons after them