1. VOCABULARY Abolitionist
opponent of slavery: somebody who campaigned against slavery during the 18th and 19th centuries

2. Early Abolitionist Movements
Banned throughout North by 1800
African Colonization Society (ACS)
Founded in 1817 in D.C. & Virginia
Goal was to relocate free blacks “home” to Africa
Set up a colony in Liberia
Sent some 13,000 by 1867
In general, more concerned with white welfare than black welfare
1819—Monroe signs law sending all blacks captured being illegally transported into America
Monrovia
Lincoln’s unwavering support
Problems:
--expensive
--most blacks didn’t want to go “home”
--hostile opposition of many northern abolitionists

3. Moderate Abolitionist Goals
End fugitive slave laws
End internal slave trade and slavery in D.C.
“Free Soil” Party (1848)
Born out of the Liberty Party (1840) and formed to stop the spread of slavery
Often mostly concerned with preserving the opportunities of poor whites
Develops into the Republican Party in 1854

4. Opposition to Abolitionism
Necessary Evil
Would kill the economies of North AND South
Fear of millions of free blacks
Positive Good
The “Benevolent Institution”
Slavery “civilized” blacks
Slaves better treated than free industrial workers
Actually some calls to extend slavery to white workers
Abolitionism might lead to a War
Widespread racism
“natural” position for “inferior” blacks

5. Radical Abolitionist Goals
David Walker, black man, published “Walker’s Appeal” in 1829
Called for the end of slavery by all means necessary, openly called for violence against slave owners
Garrison disagreed
Found mysteriously dead in 1830
Lane Rebels
Students of Lane College and Seminary, products of the 2nd Great Awakening, who wrote and spoke against racism and inequality.
Weld & Tappan bros. (inspired H. B. Stowe)
Zinn, P. 344

6. William Lloyd Garrison, 1805-1879
Most concerned with effect on blacks
Believed in inherent total and
complete equality of all races
Immediate and total freeing of all
slaves and full citizenship
Would not compromise
Published The Liberator
American Anti-Slavery Society
250,000 members by 1832
His radicalism divided abolitionists
Total pacifist
Saw any force as violent; “The
Constitution is a pact with the
Devil”
Total equality for women
Northern disunion from South
Garrison reading
Burned copy of Const on 7/4/54
Hated, hunted, etc.
Came to grudgingly accept Civil War
--cheered by thousands at reading of 13th Amendment
Women & London Anti-Slavery Society meeting in 1840
William Lloyd Garrison,

7. Frederick Douglass,

8. Frederick Douglass Born a slave; white father, black mother
Self-taught to read and write
Escaped in 1838 (age 20)
Abolitionist speaker in US & England
Wrote a very influential autobiography
Insisted on complete social & economic equality, not just end of slavery
Also an advocate for women’s equality
Story of first public address & Garrison’s response
Read July 4th Address

9. The Dispute over Slavery
Social/Moral Issues
Economic Issues
Political Issues
Slavery is not the only cause of the War, but all the other causes seem to have their roots in slavery.

10. The Social/Moral Issue of Slavery
North South
Saw slaves as property, not citizens
Argued that slavery was good for the slaves
Fighting for the “Southern way of life”
Fearful of blacks if they were freed
Some were abolitionists
But only a small minority were active abolitionists
Most just wanted to stop the spread
Northerners often felt superior
But many made money off of the slave trade and products of slavery
Discuss resentment of blacks in North, ie. The 1863 NYC riots
Lincoln quote, P. 184
Douglass quote, P. 178

11. The Economic Issue of Slavery
North South
More industrial
Labor provided by growing immigrants
Slavery was not really useful, so generally illegal
Though northern factories depended upon southern cotton
Cotton was “King”
Large plantations needed enormous amounts of labor
Southern economy dependent upon slave labor

12. Political Issues of Slavery
North South
Tradition of a strong central government
Worried about losing control of the Senate
Tradition of “states rights”
Federal government should be weak
Worried about losing control of the Senate

13. Women’s Movement
Women had been a strong part of the Abolitionist Movement
Also in temperance, anti-poverty, and prison reforms
Disproportionately Quaker
Rejected the “Separate Sphere”
Established belief that women had their special roles—in the home, raising children, etc.

14. Seneca Falls (NY) Meeting, 1848
1st national conference on women’s rights
Attended by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony, Dorothea Dix, Angelina & Sarah Grimke, William Lloyd Garrison, & Frederick Douglass
Debate as to whether or not calling for suffrage was too radical
Final resolution demanded suffrage
“The Declaration of Rights & Sentiments…”

15. Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony
Both active in Abolition
Movement
Stanton wrote “The
Declaration of Sentiments
and “The Woman’s Bible”
A revision of Biblical
texts relating to women
Neither lived to see the
19th Amendment
Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony

16. Excerpt from the Woman’s Bible
Genesis I:27-- So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
“Verse 27 declares the image of God male and female. How then is it possible to make woman an afterthought?…The above texts plainly show the simultaneous creation of man and woman, and their equal importance in the development of the race. All those theories based on the assumption that man was prior in the creation, have no foundation in Scripture.”