1. Slavery Today

2. Questions: 1. Is slavery a racial issue? 2. Have people ever enslaved others of their own race? 3. How were slaves used – purpose? 4. What reasons did people have to enslave others? 5. What about today, does slavery still exist? Where? Why? 6. Does the world care about slavery today?

3. Forms Of Slavery

4. Forced Labor This form of slavery often results when individuals are lured by the promise of a good job but instead find themselves subjected to slaving conditions, working without payment and enduring physical abuse, often in harsh and hazardous conditions. Victims include domestic workers, construction workers and migrant workers. This form of slavery often results when individuals are lured by the promise of a good job but instead find themselves subjected to slaving conditions, working without payment and enduring physical abuse, often in harsh and hazardous conditions. Victims include domestic workers, construction workers and migrant workers.

5. Chattel Slavery Chattel slavery is typically racially-based. Chattel slaves are considered their masters’ property and exchanged for personal property or money. The perform labor and are expected to offer sexual favors. Once of age, their children are expected to do the same. Slavery by descent is where people are either born into a slave class or are from a 'group' that society views as suited to being used as slave labor. Chattel slavery is typically racially-based. Chattel slaves are considered their masters’ property and exchanged for personal property or money. The perform labor and are expected to offer sexual favors. Once of age, their children are expected to do the same. Slavery by descent is where people are either born into a slave class or are from a 'group' that society views as suited to being used as slave labor.

6. Debt Bondage Bonded labor, is the most widely practiced form of slavery around the world. In Southeast Asia, where it is most prevalent, debt bondage claims an estimated 15 to 20 million victims. The staggering poverty there forces many parents to offer themselves or their own children as collateral against a loan. Though they are promised they will work only until their debt is paid off, the reality is that the debt becomes impossible to pay off. As a result, it is often inherited by the bonded laborer’s children, perpetuating a vicious cycle that can claim several generations. Bonded labor, is the most widely practiced form of slavery around the world. In Southeast Asia, where it is most prevalent, debt bondage claims an estimated 15 to 20 million victims. The staggering poverty there forces many parents to offer themselves or their own children as collateral against a loan. Though they are promised they will work only until their debt is paid off, the reality is that the debt becomes impossible to pay off. As a result, it is often inherited by the bonded laborer’s children, perpetuating a vicious cycle that can claim several generations.

7. Wage Slavery - Wage Slavery is most common in underdeveloped areas, where employers can afford to employ people at low wages, knowing they can't afford to risk their employment. Most child laborers can be considered to be wage slaves. - Wage Slavery is most common in underdeveloped areas, where employers can afford to employ people at low wages, knowing they can't afford to risk their employment. Most child laborers can be considered to be wage slaves.

8. Contract Slavery These are generally poor and often illiterate people who have been tricked into signing contracts they do not understand and must be repaid through their labor. These are generally poor and often illiterate people who have been tricked into signing contracts they do not understand and must be repaid through their labor.

9. Sex Slavery Women and children forced into prostitution are often lured by false offers of a good job and then beaten and forced to work in brothels. In other cases, victims pay tens of thousands of dollars to get to another country and are then forced into prostitution in pay off their own debts. In still others, women or children are kidnapped from their home countries. An estimated two million women and children are sold into sex slavery around the world every year. Women and children forced into prostitution are often lured by false offers of a good job and then beaten and forced to work in brothels. In other cases, victims pay tens of thousands of dollars to get to another country and are then forced into prostitution in pay off their own debts. In still others, women or children are kidnapped from their home countries. An estimated two million women and children are sold into sex slavery around the world every year.

10. Forced Marriage Women and girls who are married without choice and are forced into lives of servitude often accompanied by physical violence. Women and girls who are married without choice and are forced into lives of servitude often accompanied by physical violence.

11. Slavery Today

12. Niger In Niger, slavery was only criminalized in 2003 - and the local human rights organization estimates 870,000 people are still held in bondage there. The masters control the slaves totally, exploiting their labor, abusing them sexually and physically, and often forcing them to mate with other slaves so that their children are born into slavery.

13. Pakistan Bonded labor in South Asia is considered the problem in modern slavery affecting the most people. The UN believes 20 million people are enslaved worldwide, the majority of whom are in South Asia. Twelve years after the government made bonded labor illegal, it is estimated that there are still five million laborers in Pakistan bonded to their employees by debt. Bonded labor in South Asia is considered the problem in modern slavery affecting the most people. The UN believes 20 million people are enslaved worldwide, the majority of whom are in South Asia. Twelve years after the government made bonded labor illegal, it is estimated that there are still five million laborers in Pakistan bonded to their employees by debt.

14. Haiti The UN commemorations are linked to the 200th anniversary of the slave revolt in Haiti in 1804. However, that did not end slavery in the country and, today, there are 200,000 children kept as domestic slaves, mainly in the capital Port au Prince. The UN commemorations are linked to the 200th anniversary of the slave revolt in Haiti in 1804. However, that did not end slavery in the country and, today, there are 200,000 children kept as domestic slaves, mainly in the capital Port au Prince.

15. Trafficking Modern day slavery is not usually associated with the West - but tens of thousands of women are trafficked there every year as sex workers and forced labourers. The problem received worldwide attention earlier this year when nineteen Chinese labourers were drowned in the rising waters as they picked cockles in the northwest of England. They were being paid the equivalent of less than $2 a day. Others come from Eastern Europe. Ivana, a Ukrainian woman in her early 20s, talks about how a job she took as a waitress in Greece turned into something more sinister - and she found herself forced into prostitution in Birmingham, in the English Midlands. And one trafficker, now in hiding, reveals how he used to kidnap babies as young as 18 months and transport them through Europe. Modern day slavery is not usually associated with the West - but tens of thousands of women are trafficked there every year as sex workers and forced labourers. The problem received worldwide attention earlier this year when nineteen Chinese labourers were drowned in the rising waters as they picked cockles in the northwest of England. They were being paid the equivalent of less than $2 a day. Others come from Eastern Europe. Ivana, a Ukrainian woman in her early 20s, talks about how a job she took as a waitress in Greece turned into something more sinister - and she found herself forced into prostitution in Birmingham, in the English Midlands. And one trafficker, now in hiding, reveals how he used to kidnap babies as young as 18 months and transport them through Europe.

16. An average slave in the American South in 1850 cost the equivalent of $40,000 in today’s money; today a slave costs an average of $90. 20 million x $90 = a lot of money

19. Response Write a half a page response to the last point “it is possible to end slavery in 25 years”. Write a half a page response to the last point “it is possible to end slavery in 25 years”. Tell me what you think then what you think each of the groups should or could be doing. Tell me what you think then what you think each of the groups should or could be doing.

20. History of Slavery Record key points only- Slavery was a recognized institution around the world long before the Egyptians enslaved the Jews. Arabs raided European countries and captured white slaves which they sold in Africa. By the 18th century, a large part of the European population were descendants of serfs and slaves. Unfortunately, slavery is a part of human history. Slavery was a recognized institution around the world long before the Egyptians enslaved the Jews. Arabs raided European countries and captured white slaves which they sold in Africa. By the 18th century, a large part of the European population were descendants of serfs and slaves. Unfortunately, slavery is a part of human history.

21. 6800 BCE The world’s first city grows up in Mesopotamia. With the ownership of land, and the beginnings of technology comes warfare in which enemies are captured and forced to work - slavery. 6800 BCE The world’s first city grows up in Mesopotamia. With the ownership of land, and the beginnings of technology comes warfare in which enemies are captured and forced to work - slavery. 2575 BCE Egyptians send expeditions down the Nile River to capture slaves. Temple art celebrates the capture of slaves in battle. 2575 BCE Egyptians send expeditions down the Nile River to capture slaves. Temple art celebrates the capture of slaves in battle.

22. 550 BCB The mighty Greek city-state of Athens uses up to 30,000 slaves in the silver mines it controls. 550 BCB The mighty Greek city-state of Athens uses up to 30,000 slaves in the silver mines it controls. 120 CE slaves are taken by the thousands in Roman military campaigns, some estimates put the population of Rome at more than half slave. 120 CE slaves are taken by the thousands in Roman military campaigns, some estimates put the population of Rome at more than half slave.

23. c. 500 In England the native Britons are enslaved after invasion by Anglo-Saxons. c. 500 In England the native Britons are enslaved after invasion by Anglo-Saxons. c. 1000 Slavery is normal practice in England’s rural economy. c. 1000 Slavery is normal practice in England’s rural economy. c. 1380 In the aftermath of the Black Plague, Europe’s slave trade revives to deal with the labor shortage. c. 1380 In the aftermath of the Black Plague, Europe’s slave trade revives to deal with the labor shortage.

24. c. 1550 Renaissance art is peopled with slaves displayed as objects of conspicuous consumption. c. 1550 Renaissance art is peopled with slaves displayed as objects of conspicuous consumption.

25. TRANS-ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE 1441 and 1888 The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was the most abominable and cruel form of slavery, but it was neither the first nor the only slave trade. The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was the most abominable and cruel form of slavery, but it was neither the first nor the only slave trade.

26. 1803 Denmark becomes the first country in Europe to ban African slave trade. 1803 Denmark becomes the first country in Europe to ban African slave trade. 1807 After prolonged lobbying by abolitionists in Britain, the British Parliament makes it illegal for British ships to transport slaves and for British colonies to import them. 1807 After prolonged lobbying by abolitionists in Britain, the British Parliament makes it illegal for British ships to transport slaves and for British colonies to import them. 1820 The government of Spain, pursuant to a treaty with Britain, abolishes the slave trade south of the Equator. 1820 The government of Spain, pursuant to a treaty with Britain, abolishes the slave trade south of the Equator.

27. 1863 In the United States, President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation takes effect, freeing all slaves in the United States. 1863 In the United States, President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation takes effect, freeing all slaves in the United States. 1888 Slavery ends in South America when the legislature of Brazil frees the country’s 725,000 slaves by enacting the Golden Law. 1888 Slavery ends in South America when the legislature of Brazil frees the country’s 725,000 slaves by enacting the Golden Law.

28. 1915 The colonial government of Malaya officially abolishes slavery. 1915 The colonial government of Malaya officially abolishes slavery.

29. 1918 The British governor of Hong Kong estimates that most households that can afford it keep a young child as a household slave do. 1918 The British governor of Hong Kong estimates that most households that can afford it keep a young child as a household slave do.

30. 1919 The International Labor Organization (ILO) is founded to establish a code of international labor standards. The ILO brings together government, labor, and management to solve problems and to make recommendations concerning pay, working conditions, trade union rights, safety, woman and child labor, and social security. 1919 The International Labor Organization (ILO) is founded to establish a code of international labor standards. The ILO brings together government, labor, and management to solve problems and to make recommendations concerning pay, working conditions, trade union rights, safety, woman and child labor, and social security. 1923 British colonial government in Hong Kong passes a law banning the selling of little girls as domestic slaves. 1923 British colonial government in Hong Kong passes a law banning the selling of little girls as domestic slaves.

31. 1926 Burma abolishes legal slavery. 1926 Burma abolishes legal slavery. 1927 Slavery is legally abolished in Sierra Leone, a country founded as a colony by the British in the 18th century to serve as a homeland for freed slaves. 1927 Slavery is legally abolished in Sierra Leone, a country founded as a colony by the British in the 18th century to serve as a homeland for freed slaves. 1936 Saudi Arabia, issued a decree ending the importation of new slaves, regulated the condition of existing slaves and provided for manumission under some conditions. 1936 Saudi Arabia, issued a decree ending the importation of new slaves, regulated the condition of existing slaves and provided for manumission under some conditions.

32. 1938 The Japanese military establishes “Comfort Stations” (brothels) for Japanese troops. Thousands of Korean and Chinese women are forced into sexual slavery during the years of World War II as “military comfort women”. 1938 The Japanese military establishes “Comfort Stations” (brothels) for Japanese troops. Thousands of Korean and Chinese women are forced into sexual slavery during the years of World War II as “military comfort women”. WWII

33. 1939 - 1945 the German Nazi government used slave labor throughout the war in farming and industry. Up to nine million are forced to work, when they are worn out workers are sent to 1939 - 1945 the German Nazi government used slave labor throughout the war in farming and industry. Up to nine million are forced to work, when they are worn out workers are sent to concentration camps.

34. 1941 the campaign to protect children in Sri Lanka from “adoption” succeeds with the passage of the Adoption of Children Ordinance Law, which ensures the registration of all children who are adopted and requires regular inspections to prevent adopted children from working as slaves. 1941 the campaign to protect children in Sri Lanka from “adoption” succeeds with the passage of the Adoption of Children Ordinance Law, which ensures the registration of all children who are adopted and requires regular inspections to prevent adopted children from working as slaves. 1948 The United Nations produces the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article 4 provides: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.” 1948 The United Nations produces the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article 4 provides: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”

35. 1962 Abolition of slavery in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. 1962 Abolition of slavery in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. 1976 India passes a law banning bonded labor. 1976 India passes a law banning bonded labor. 1980 Slavery is abolished for the fourth time in the Islamic republic of Mauritania, but the situation is not fundamentally changed. 1980 Slavery is abolished for the fourth time in the Islamic republic of Mauritania, but the situation is not fundamentally changed. 1989 The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child seeks to promote the basic health care and education of the young, as well as their protection from abuse, exploitation or neglect, at home, at work, and in armed conflicts. 1989 The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child seeks to promote the basic health care and education of the young, as well as their protection from abuse, exploitation or neglect, at home, at work, and in armed conflicts.

36. 1992 The Pakistan National Assembly enacts the Bonded Labor Act, which abolishes indentured servitude and the bonded money system. 1992 The Pakistan National Assembly enacts the Bonded Labor Act, which abolishes indentured servitude and the bonded money system. 1993 published in the American press - widespread slavery in the African countries of Mauritania and Sudan. 1993 published in the American press - widespread slavery in the African countries of Mauritania and Sudan. 1996 World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children 1996 World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children

37. 1997 United Nations establishes a commission of inquiry to investigate reports of widespread enslavement of people by the Burmese government. 1997 United Nations establishes a commission of inquiry to investigate reports of widespread enslavement of people by the Burmese government. 1997 A bill entitled the “International Child Labor Elimination Act” (H.R. 267) is introduced in the United States House of Representatives to prohibit U.S. assistance, except for humanitarian aid, to countries that utilize child labor. 1997 A bill entitled the “International Child Labor Elimination Act” (H.R. 267) is introduced in the United States House of Representatives to prohibit U.S. assistance, except for humanitarian aid, to countries that utilize child labor. 1997 Imports to the U.S. made by child-bonded labors are banned. 1997 Imports to the U.S. made by child-bonded labors are banned.

38. 2000 The Trafficking Victims Protection Act is signed into law. This legislation increases penalties for traffickers, provides social services for trafficking victims and provides for victims to remain in the United States while trafficking cases are investigated. 2000 The Trafficking Victims Protection Act is signed into law. This legislation increases penalties for traffickers, provides social services for trafficking victims and provides for victims to remain in the United States while trafficking cases are investigated. 2003 Year that Pakistan has assured the United Nations that ‘all bonded labor will stop’ in their country. 2003 Year that Pakistan has assured the United Nations that ‘all bonded labor will stop’ in their country. 2012 Slavery is… 2012 Slavery is…