1. The Cold War 1945-1991

2. Negotiations--1945 Many say that the Cold War started with the end of WWII The Yalta Conference, –February 4-11, 1945 –Old palace of Czar Nicholas II in Crimea –The Big Three--Stalin, FDR & Chuchill

4. Yalta Conference Issues: Roosevelt’s health Germany--division Soviet Request for $10 billion Poland--to Soviet Union pending elections Urged Soviet Union to declare war on Japan

5. Yalta Conference FDR promised to withdraw US troops in 2 years UN created -- why US join this time? Permanent seats… veto power… Korea divided along 38th parallel Soviet army was poised for final attack on Berlin

7. Truman becomes President April 12, 1945--FDR dies and Harry S. Truman becomes President “US-Soviet relations will no longer be on the basis of a one-way street” “Carry out your agreements and you won’t get talked to like that”

9. May 13th, 1945--VE Day Victory in Europe

10. The Potsdam Conference July 17-August 2, 1945 in Berlin suburb Truman, Churchill & Stalin

11. Potsdam Conference Stalin renewed demand for war payments Truman insisted on Polish elections Truman found out that A-bomb was tested in New Mexico

12. Potsdam Conference Issues Continue: Nuremberg trials Churchill lost election to Attlee Already problems with West vs. East German economies

13. WWII Ends August 6, Hiroshima--Little boy uranium bomb kills 80000 August 8 Stalin declares war on Japan August 9 Nagasaki--Fatman plutonium bomb kills 70000 August 15--VJ day

14. Cold War Demonstrations Truman announces no further recognition of communist government --January 5, 1946 “I’m Sick of babysitting the Soviets”

15. 1946 Cold War Demonstrations Stalin hostile speech--communism and capitalism were incompatible February 10-- Churchill calls for Anglo-American opposition March 5-- Churchill speech -- “AN IRON CURTAIN”

18. While U.S. is testing Nuclear Arms--Marshall Islands… Albania and Bulgaria –Soviets rolled in 1944--secured government by 1948 by suppressing all anti-communists Czechoslovakia –police and government officials replaced by communists--1948 Satellite

19. Hungary and Romania HUNGARY –influenced elections with police control 1947 Romania –Communist Prime Minister –1947 king was forced to resign

20. East Germany Stalin did not want Germany to gain power-established a totalitarian government 1949-German “Democratic Republic”

21. Finland and Yugoslavia Finland treaty of cooperation with Soviet Union Yugoslavia--own communism under Tito

22. Containment--1947-1949 US and Soviet ideals not compatible so communism must be contained Truman Doctrine-- February 1947--Britain unable to help Greece and Turkey --asked US to step in. $400,000,000

23. Marshall Plan George C. Marshall becomes secretary of State on Jan 21, 1947 Decided to help European nations rebuild Plan revealed on June 5, 1947 –“Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos”

24. Marshall Plan Soviet Union invited to participate but refused and forced satellites to refuse as well 17 nations joined –ratified in 1948 by congress –13 billion given over 4 years

25. THE COLD WAR BUILDS… …and now the Soviets have nuclear power!!!