1. LGS Innovations – The Network Experts™ www.lgsinnovations.com David Bishop, Ph.D. LGS CTO October, 2010 The High Leverage Network: Enabling a Web 3.0 World

2. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Outline High Leverage Network-What is It? Application Innovations Enabling a Web 3.0 World:  Network-Aware Application Enablement  Content Centric Networking  Energy Use in Networks  Energy Efficient Routing

3. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 High Leverage Network-What is It? Content is king, always has been and always will be. The world’s telecom infrastructure was created because the service providers could charge a premium (~10k) for transporting bits that started out as a human voice in comparison with generic data. Convergence makes this premium go away (e.g. VOIP) Net neutrality also threatens the service providers because a disproportionate share of the telecom dollars will go to over the top content providers (Google, Yahoo, Amazon, etc.) The HLN is a concept where the network layers and the application layers talk allowing an optimized delivery of applications  This provides for technically superior applications such as low latency for jitter-free video  This provides the service providers a better business model where they can charge for premium service delivering better performance and participate in the revenue stream at the application layer

4. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Networking What is Service Infrastructure? Areas traditionally considered to define Service Infrastructure:  Application-level protocols (e.g. SIP*, HTTP, SOAP/XML, RTP, RTSP),  Communication Architectures and Middleware (e.g. IMS, A-IMS, NGN),  Network Overlays,  Cross-Domain Service Blending,  Cloud Computing,  Content Distribution & Delivery,  Messaging. Invent, analyze, and build disruptive technologies – related to distributed communications and computing infrastructures – that provide a superior foundation for advanced networking products and services. Service Infrastructure Infrastructure Applications *Session Initiation ProtocolRealtime Streaming ProtocolNext Gen Network Hypertext Transfer ProtocolRealtime Transport ProtocolSimple Object Access Protocol IP Multimedia SubsystemAdvanced IMSExtensible Markup Language

5. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Towards Network-Aware Application Enablement Disruptive Technologies - Bridging Applications and Network Circuit SwitchingPacket Switching Client/Server Peer-To-Peer & Cloud Computing ??? Bridging Applications & Network Strict Separation of Applications & Network

6. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Towards Network-Aware Application Enablement Disruptive Technologies - Bridging Applications and Network Circuit SwitchingPacket Switching Client/Server Peer-To-Peer & Cloud Computing ??? Bridging Applications & Network Strict Separation of Applications & Network Break through the layered architecture, creating infrastructure elements that intertwine network knowledge and application knowledge to tame the onslaught of content, devices, and service complexity.

7. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Information Access in Today’s Network Today’s network: host-oriented data access  Always assume end-to-end connectivity: content source  requester  Only knows finding/authenticating data according to the content source End-to-end connectivity Space Airborne Maneuver Unattended Ground Sensors Situation-awareness data gathering Jamming attack Battle Group Command Center (BGCC) Sensor reading: Try: 1.2.3.4 Battln B’s pos? Try: 1.3.2.2 1.2.3.4 Battln B’s pos? Try: 1.3.2.2 1.3.2.2 Battalion ABattalion B Connection failure

8. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Content Centric Networking Simple, unified, flexible communication architecture  Data is requested by name using any means available  Any node that hears the request with a valid copy of the data can respond  The returned data is signed, and optionally secured Content-centric networking Space Airborne Maneuver Unattended Ground Sensors Situation-awareness data gathering Jamming attack Battalion A Battle Group Command Center (BGCC) Battalion B Battln-A/sensor Battln-B/pos Battln-A/sensor

9. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Content Centric Networking Key design philosophy  Data has a name, not a location  Improved data availability using data replication  Robust to node mobility/failure, network failure, attacks  Integrity and trust are derived from the data, not the channel it arrives on  Anything that moves bits in time or space can and will be used to communicate  Data access is not limited by network topology (or end-to-end connectivity) CCN removes many layers of management infrastructure

10. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Traffic (North America) Wireless Data Total Backbone Internet Video Wireless Voice P2P Energy Efficient Networking

11. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Tkach, APOC, 2008. Energy Efficient Networking Optical System Capacity and Network Traffic (Voice + Data)

12. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Energy Efficient Networking: What about electronics? Traditionally scaling is tied to Moore’s Law Two issues important today: 1. Difficult to scale to 9nm or below: Moore’s Law may end 2. Energy benefit from Moore’s law already slowing

13. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Energy Use: Baseline Trends  State-of-the-art technology evolution  Mix of legacy equipment makes picture worse  Fixed access benefit from ‘old’ optical technology  Wireless data is rapidly growing problem today  Historical energy distribution from edge to core may change over next decade

14. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Concepts to be Developed Metro/Core: Mesh protection / fast restoration Dynamic Optical Bypass Fixed Access: Cost-reduced FTTH/N Green PON (from ~16W/user to ~5W/user) Lower Higher Degree of Difficulty: Other: Passive cooling everywhere Dynamic energy usage (proportional to load) Network Virtualization and Energy Eff Routing Mobile Access: Ultra-efficient power amplifiers Active antennas Small cells Self organizing networks Network MIMO

15. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Efficient/robust data access Energy efficient content delivery in wireless networks:  TODAY: one has to go through long-range wireless comms (3G, LTE)  Even if one can get the same data from one’s neighbors using Bluetooth  CCN: given named content, chooses an energy efficient interface Wireless networks http://1.1.2.3/cur-status 1.1.2.3 http://1.1.2.3/cur-status cur-status ccn://battln-a.mil/cur-status cur-status Today’s Network Content centric networking

16. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 What the HLN Lets Us Avoid…..

17. LGS Proprietary, All Rights Reserved © LGS Innovations, LLC 2010 Summary and Conclusions The High Leverage Network is the basic strategic direction that ALU has chosen for its future. Networking technologies in support of the HLN are evolving with fundamental new concepts such as CCN. At the end of the day, these may be more important than the physical layer technologies in terms of their impact on the web and how we will communicate using it. Together They are Enabling a World of Ubiquitous Communications  Anywhere, Anytime  Realize the Dream of Broadband Access to Everyone in an Energy Efficient Way