1. When settlers were taken captive by the Indians, it raised the fundamental issue of
A) ransom to be paid.
B) which culture was civilizing the other.
C) military rescue operations.
treaty provisions covering prisoners of war.
2. Metacomet (King Philip) leads a war against New England settlers in the 1670s because
A) trade was declining between the settlers and Indians.
B) Puritan missionaries had become too aggressive.
C) settlers continued to encroach upon Indian lands.
D) he needed to divert attention away from internal problems.

2. outright war to kill Indians and seize lands
Bacon - leader
legislation that allowed Indians to be termed:
‘enemies if they left their village without permission from the English’

3. Governor ordered the end of hostilities
Bacon rode into Jamestown.
Chased the governor away and burnt the capital building
offered freedom to any of Berkeley’s supporters, servants or slaves who joined them.

4. Just as Bacon and rebellion at height of its power Bacon died
possibly of dysentery
Rebellion was over.
Berkeley regained control
punished Bacon’s supporters

5. Aftermath English government sent to troops to quell uprising
Virginia at peace long before they arrived.
Berkeley recalled
New governor implemented some reforms and hit rebels hard
Executed leaders and imprisoned others
Sending a message that rebellion was never justified, no matter what the provocation.
The long term effect for Indians was that the frontier was again pushed back

6. Possible Explanations
A) Instability on frontier
mixing of freed servants, blacks, Indians; taxes high, discontent over spending priorities, so rebellion a symbol of class conflict
B) lower death rates and immigration of royalists meant social mobility falling
Establishing First Families of Virginia – even Bacon excluded
C) Bacon as popular democratic hero struggling vs tyranny
failure leads to ‘end of American Independence’

7. Back to the British colonies
Not Virginia
Not New England
But the richest place in the British Empire
Barbados

8. 4 times richer than tobacco planter in Chesapeake
Barbados
Colonized 1630s
Annual sugar exports
,000 pounds
1700 – 50 Million
1680 planter in Barbados
4 times richer than tobacco planter in Chesapeake

9. Important for two reasons
Wealth
Structure
Both transferred to mainland

10. Virginia and wider Chesapeake region was:
Remember this man?
Virginia and wider Chesapeake region was:
Growing
Losing attractiveness for Indentured servants
But still needed
Cheap labor
1650s Africans 3% of Chesapeake
Majority population on Barbados

11. Obtained charter to create colony south of Chesapeake
1663 John Collerton
Barbadian planter
Obtained charter to create colony south of Chesapeake
Carolina
1670 settled in Charles Towne
1712 split into two

12. Not as good as the old one in my opinion!
New England
Not as good as the old one in my opinion!

13. New England Colonies Separatists
Pilgrims founded Plymouth in 1620
Separatists
Holland 1608
Initially intended to settle in Virginia
Blown off course and ended up well north of Virginia’s boundaries
102 survived crossing
Arrived late fall
Mayflower Compact bound settlers to accept will of the majority

14. Rescued from disaster by local Wampanoag Indians Samoset, then Squanto
Wampanoag provided knowledge and help that enabled them to survive the following winter
First full year was still difficult and harsh
Only seven buildings erected
½ colonists died
New colonists arrived
Sickly, and without supplies – strained resources further
Like James Town without out help from local native population colony would not have survived

15. According to Governor William Bradford first winter “was most sad and lamentable”
“In two or three months’ time half of [our] company died Being the depth of winter, and wanting houses and other comforts [and] being infected with scurvy and other diseases”

16. New England Colonies (cont)
Puritans secured charter in 1629
Established colony for the Massachusetts Bay Company
Settlers arrived in waves, created numerous towns
About 13,000 settlers arrived in New England by 1641

17. Colony prospered economically, but eroded religiously
Anne Hutchinson
Non-Separatists

18. When settlers were taken captive by the Indians, it raised the fundamental issue of
A) ransom to be paid.
B) which culture was civilizing the other.
C) military rescue operations.
treaty provisions covering prisoners of war.
2. Metacomet (King Philip) leads a war against New England settlers in the 1670s because
A) trade was declining between the settlers and Indians.
B) Puritan missionaries had become too aggressive.
C) settlers continued to encroach upon Indian lands.
D) he needed to divert attention away from internal problems.

20. 1660-85 sees massive increase in Eng settlement on east coast
Restoration Colonies
But also major threats to colonial society
New England and Chesapeake - King Philip’s War & Bacon’s Rebellion
New Mexico – Pope
Can I find figures on population increase?

21. Problems in New England
King Philip’s War

22. Indian – White relations at low ebb by 1670s.
Treaties with Indians not kept,
no real attempt by whites to engage with Indians
nefarious tactics to get land.

23. Metacom – named ‘King Philip’ by whites, chief of Wampanoags,
Specific grievances
loss of tribal lands
effect of alcohol and guns on people
also Puritan treatment of ‘praying Indians’
confined to praying villages, taken away from homes and families

24. War probably planned by Metacom/King Philip
betrayed by Christian Indian, John Sassamon.
Sassamon murdered, seen as evidence his warnings were correct
3 Wampanoag Indians tried and executed for his murder – but real suspicion directed at King Philip
Puritans mount pre-emptive strike vs Wampanoag in late 1675

25. Consequences
3000 Indians killed (50% of popn)
Loss of tribal leaders
exile of many Indians to west, captives sold into slavery
Remaining tribes confined to praying villages.
End of Native threat in New England

26. Cost £100,000 - came close to bankrupting many colonies.
2500 white settlers killed
10% of white men of fighting age
Damaged 52 of the 90 settlements in New England, totally destroying 12 of them.
Psychological – King Philip’sWar ‘so dreadful a judgment’ for straying from path of righteousness,
i.e. a warning from God, yet victory shows God still on white side
White settlement restricted, doesn’t reach 1675 levels again until 1710

27. More Problems in New England
Between June – September 1692 in a New England town
19 men and women were carted to Gallows Hill for hanging
Another man pressed to death under heavy stones
Dozens languished in jail for months without trials.
Then, almost as soon as it had begun, the hysteria that swept through Puritan Massachusetts ended.

28. Background 1688, John Putnam invited Samuel Parris,
an influential elder of Salem Village,
invited Samuel Parris,
a marginally successful planter and merchant in Barbados,
to preach in the Village church
A year later, after negotiations over salary, inflation adjustments, and free firewood, Parris accepted the job as Village minister.
He moved to Salem Village with his wife Elizabeth,
six-year-old daughter Betty,
niece Abagail Williams,
Indian slave Tituba, acquired by Parris in Barbados.

29. Salem in the midst of change mercantile elite was beginning to develop
two clans (the Putnams and the Porters) were competing for control of the village and its pulpit
Debate raging over how independent Salem Village
tied more to the interior agricultural regions
should be from Salem, a center of sea trade.

30. Betty Parris became strangely ill.
February 1692
Betty Parris became strangely ill.
Dashed about,
Dove under furniture,
Contorted in pain,
Complained of fever.
The cause of her symptoms may have been combination of
stress, asthma, guilt, boredom, child abuse, epilepsy, and delusional psychosis.

31. Cotton Mather recently published "Memorable Providences,"
At the time there was another theory to explain the girls' symptoms.
Cotton Mather recently published "Memorable Providences,"
Described suspected witchcraft of an Irish washerwoman in Boston
Betty's behavior in some ways mirrored that of the afflicted person

32. Easy to believe in 1692 in Salem
Remains of an Indian war raging less than seventy miles away
many refugees from the war had settled in the area
The devil was close at hand
Sudden and violent death occupied minds.

33. Why did this travesty of justice occur?
Why did it occur in where it did?
Nothing about this tragedy was inevitable.
Only an unfortunate combination of
an ongoing frontier war
economic conditions
congregational strife
teenage boredom
personal jealousies
can account for the accusations, trials, and executions that occurred in the spring and summer of 1692 in Salem