1. Local Positioning System System Proposal Rupert Frankum

2. ‘Fusing Temporal Observer’ Summary An inquiry system, mapping movements over a measured existence The proposed LPS will - produce an immediate and responsive system allow knowledge to be gained about movement within a space LPS is - Arguably determinist - movement is based on prior occurrences Possibly emergence - movement provided on behaviour and can be predictable Likely, wholly random - movement just happens - spontaneity according to interests

3. ‘Fusing Temporal Observer’ Research Navigation via Stars & Time told via the Sun 221 - 206 BC - First Compass in China 1791 - Government created ‘Board of Ordnance’ -survey work for Ministry of Defence 1800’s - Magnetic Compass Developed 1801 - First OS (Ordnance Survey) Map ‘Kent’ 1 inch to 1 mile 1840 - First comprehensive historic mapping of England, Scotland & Wales 1900’s - From the first OS map - development took place to create more depth and contrast to every map, keeping them up-to-date. From Black & White to Colour, with the introduction of the Internet, AA route planners and Google maps/ Google Earth online. 1978 - Saw the launch of the first GPS satellite. 1993 - U.S Air Force launched the last (24th) satellite into orbit - completing the network - Longitude and Latitude axis From 1993 it was muted that the satellites would start to be used by civilians, it was primarily developed for armed forces. Now located within Planes, Boats, Cars and various public transport. 2006 - Technology boom - GPS units found in general stores, Internet is a common facility. 1900’s1801

4. ‘Fusing Temporal Observer’ Research Cont’d The Global Positioning System, (GPS) - is the only fully-functional satellite navigation system two dozen GPS satellites broadcasting precise timing signals by radio, allowing any GPS receivers to accurately determine its location Current Issues - (GPS) is not suitable for indoor spaces because the satellite signals are not designed to penetrate through construction materials and has limited resolution that is usually too coarse for indoor applications Units are still quite expensive Cartesian, birds eye, 2D view not releasing information on other physical presence Tom Tom Device

5. ‘Fusing Temporal Observer’ Mapping Room 213, Babbage Building, University of Plymouth

6. ‘Fusing Temporal Observer’ Context Henri Lefebvre Lefebvre discusses the forms of space - dominated against appropriated private versus public An LPS would be moving towards Lefebvre’s Social Centrality (a space for social interaction) concatenating it with spatial knowledge, publishing the results online. Henri Bergson Bergson concentrates on the idea of analysis against intuition - The LPS will inquiry to it’s surroundings searching for physical presence (a mobile device) Bergson continues - intuition is a ‘method of thinking in duration’

7. ‘Fusing Temporal Observer’ Context Cont’d Paul Virilio Virilio suggests - Cyberspace - a movement towards the ‘reach at a distance’ and the ’feel at a distance’ Shifting perspective - GPS (2 axis, birds eye) / LPS (current, local, physical movement) arguably an LPS will make this move and come a lot closer to Virilio’s proposals Pierre Bourdieu Bourdieu - develops and uses his idea of a ‘habitus’ clearly analyzing space, which facilitates and houses some sense of control, monitoring daily practices discusses bodily movement

8. ‘Fusing Temporal Observer’ Space need not exist? ‘Space is emptiness awaiting objects’ Mark Nunes ‘Not only am I situated in space; I situate space through my lived incorporations and articulations of space’ Mark Nunes ‘Space occupying reality’ Henri Bergson ‘Intuition is a mode of reflection / ultimate reality’ Henri Bergson Mobile Device Movements / Presence Mobile devices representing physical reality Application Inquiry

9. ‘Fusing Temporal Observer’ Strategy & Inquiry Basis - the LPS will provide a ‘fusing temporal observer’ it will start to join, (Lefebvre’s) public and private space realizing (Virilio’s) touch and feel at a distance facilitating within (Bourdieu’s) ‘habitus’ following the process of (Bergson’s) intuitive ‘thinking in time’ To allow inquiry and detection - a user will walk into a spatial context running the system an assumption has been made; the user carries a mobile device, which has Bluetooth enabled. (The mobile device represents the users physical presence) the system will detect the device and upload the findings, a website will display the findings - (name, date, time, room, level, building, movements) The system then refreshes and starts another inquiry

10. ‘Fusing Temporal Observer’ Case Study A school is spread over a wide distance and can contain out buildings that are dislocated from the main hub of the school Teachers during the day cannot leave children unattended to find a member of staff; be it - admin staff, head teacher, site manager, IT technician The named are often out and about in various locations and to have a mobile phone on in a primary intense educational environment is inappropriate An LPS could provide a unique way of locating a member of staff and possibly children Computers are common in every classroom. A teacher could use the website to show the location of the required person Barley Hill Primary School, Oxfordshire

11. ‘Fusing Temporal Observer’ Practical Demo Bluetooth Probe Name, Location, Date, Time, Probe Findings

12. ‘Fusing Temporal Observer’ The LPS Fusing Temporal Observer

13. ‘Fusing Temporal Observer’ The Future Develop and experiment with a fully functional demonstration system running in only a few rooms Once it has been successfully implemented, further steps can be taken - more rooms and other buildings Distribution throughout other buildings to provide data across a wide area Allowing independent organizations to house the system to facilitate their own requirements - possible private logins

14. ‘Fusing Temporal Observer’ References Bergson, H. (1999) An Introduction to Metaphysics. Hackett Publishing Co, Inc. Hubbard, P, Kitchin, R, Valentine, G, (2004). Key Thinkers on Space and Place. Sage Publications Levebvre, H (1991) The Production of Space. Translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith. Blackwell Publishers. Max Energy. (1999). The Magnetic Compass History [online] Available: http://www.solarnavigator.net/compass.htm [date accessed: 20 November 2006] National Academy of Sciences. (2003). Beyond Discovery [online] Available: http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/viewpage.asp?1=1275 [date accessed: 22 November 2006] Nunes, M, (2006). Cyberspaces of Everyday Life. Univeristy of Minnesota Press Ordnance Survey. (2006). Ordnance Survey [online] Available: http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/media/features/introos/ [date accessed: 20 November 2006] Philosophy Professor. (2004). Henri Louis Bergson ﾐ Biography [online] Available: http://www.philosophyprofessor.com/philosophers/henri-bergson.php [date accessed: 15 November 2006] Scott, A. (2002). Henri Bergson’s The Creative Mind [online] Available: http://www.angelfire.com/md2/timewarp/bergson.html [date accessed: 17 November 2006] Trimble. (2003). Trimble Navigation Limited [online] Available: http://webmail.nicolet.k12.wi.us/~Jason_Huber/00014049-80000002/FOV2-00019020/FOV2-00019037/FOV2- 00019039/index.html [date accessed: 18 November 2006] www.rupertfrankum.co.uk