1. Bubu Pateh Jallow LDC Expert Group UNFCCC Technology Expert Meeting 5 th April 2008 Arnoma Hotel Bangkok, Thialand

2. SectorNAPA ActivityType of Technology Availability of the Technology Relative Cost Remarks Coastal Zone Reduce climate change hazards through coastal afforestation, and maintenance of mangroves and wetlands (Comoros, (Bangladesh, etc.) Deep-rooted, salt- tolerant tree/grass species. Enrichment planting Tree/grass breeding technology available in CGIAC centres in developing countries Shoreline stabilization and protection against extreme weather events. Participation of communities is essential. Provide drinking water to coastal communities under enhanced salinity and pollution due to sea level rise Rain water harvesting, and surface and groundwater treatment. Rainwater harvesting techniques and technologies and WHO water treatment technologies are available, especially the WASH programme Ground and surface water resources in coastal areas are polluted by salinity intrusion and also reduced quantities

3. SectorNAPA Activity Type of Technology Availability of the Technology Relative Cost Remarks Coastal Zone Construction of flood shelter, and information and assistance centre Redesigned structures at appropriate height and improved material to withstand extreme weather events Appropriate building codes and materials Suitable shelters are required for people and their livestock to cope with enhanced recurrent floods Promoting adaptation to coastal crop agriculture to combat salinization. Wet Bed and no- tillage technology and methods; Breeding salinity and flood tolerant crop species New approaches and technologies to deal with salinity in the coastal crop agriculture. Maize production possible Bangladesh between rice cycles; Meets fuel and fodder needs; Production of selected vegetables and fruits for income generation

4. SectorNAPA ActivityType of Technology Availability of the Technology Relative Cost Remarks Agriculture and Food Security Research on drought, flood and saline tolerant varieties of crops (Bangladesh, Burundi, Gambia, Malawi, Mauritan). Crop breeding technologies for varieties of crops such as rice, wheat, maize, etc, for saline, flood and drought tolerance Hardware and software Technologies for plant breeding in major CGIAR Centres and National institutions Research methodologies and results already available for adoption which is relatively cheap Rainwater Harvesting and irrigation of agricultural lands (Bhutan, Burundi, Gambia, Malawi, Cambodia) Rainwater harvesting and storage, Irrigation and Remote Sensing equipment and technologies are required Rainwater harvesting and storage, Irrigation and Remote Sensing equipment and technologies are available Rainwater harvesting and storage will safeguard farmers from water shortages and thereby improving household food security and income

5. Sector NAPA Activity Type of Technology Availability of the Technology Relative Cost Remarks Agriculture Diversification and Food Security Establish food processing and storage plants; Reduce Post Harvest lossess Promote farmer insurance through seed treatment and storage Food processing, preservation and storage technologies; Post harvest technologies; Identify and collect best products of the harvest, Treat/dress and store in appropriate conditions Local and small scale technologies are available; Large and modern technologies are available but have limited penetration; Local technologies of seed dressing/treatment are available on a small scale but may not survive the increasing harsh conditions A lot of harvest goes bad or is marketed at very low prices because of inadequate processing and preservation technologies. Modern technologies may be a bit expensive for peasant farmers.

6. Sector NAPA Activity Type of Technology Availability of the Technology Relative Cost Remarks Livestock and Rangeland Livestock breeding and horticulture; Fodder production and conservation Domestic poultry farming; Treatment of raw fodder Manufacture and use of multi-nutritional blocks Animal breeding technologies; Poultry breeding technologies; Fodder conservation technologies; Treatment with urea Manufacturing technologies of multi-nutritional blocks Animal and poultry breeding and feed enhancement technologies are still at the laboratory stage and with large- scale farmers in the developed world. Very few farmers in the developing world have access to the technologies

7. SectorNAPA Activity Type of Technology Availability of the Technology Relative Cost Remarks Coastal Zone Infrastructure Stabilization shoreline and protection of coastal infrastructure Maldives, Cambodia, Mozambique, Gambia, Bangladesh, Comoros, Senegal, etc. Beach nourishments, sea wall, dikes, groins (timber or concrete) revetments, etc., depending on the structure and dynamism of the shoreline All technologies are currently in use but availability of materials could be a constraint for some countries Cost factor varies with type of structure; However, the structures to be protected may be more expensive

8. SectorNAPA Activity Type of Technology Availability of the Technology Relative Cost Remarks Fisheries and Food Security Improvement of fish productivity through fish farming (Cambodia, Gambia, Bangladesh, etc) Fish pond and construction technologies Aquaculture technologies. Net fencing of ponds; Pen and cage culture of fish fish culture technologies for salt tolerant fish species Technologies are available in Cambodia, Bangladesh, China, etc.

9. SectorNAPA Activity Type of Technology Availability of the Technology Relative Cost Remarks Water Resources Improvement of access to water of good quality and quantity; Relocation and rehabilitation of water points (Cambodia, Gambia, Niger Bangladesh, Maldives, Samoa, Haiti, Kiribati) Equipment, infrastructure and technology to treat water; Equipment and technologies to enhance access to water sources (water points, pumping devices and energy) Water drilling rigs, Hand pumps, solar and wind pumping devices, Salinity, chemical and bacteriologic al filters Water lifting and treatment devices are available in the market but some could be costly.

10. SectorNAPA ActivityType of Technology Availability of the Technology Relative Cost Remarks Health Production of bio-pesticides from local plant species Treat and distribute treated mosquito nets; Eliminating the larva shelters inside and around houses, Introducing larva-eating fish in mosquito breeding habitats, Strengthen and improve existing malaria surveillance. Strenghten health sector infrastructure Technologies to assess effectiveness of local plants to serve as repellentants Chemicals for the treatment of bed nets Hardware and software technologies for effective surveillance Hardware and software infrastructure and technology Most of the technology is available in the market Relatively low in cost in developing countries

11. Sector NAPA Activity Type of Technology Availability of the Technology CostRemarks Disaster risk management and preparednes s and Early Warning Systems Procure and supply basic equipment; Assess risk of the climate hazard (drought, flood, landslides, etc.) and develop maps; Establish forecasting and warning systems for the prediction, monitoring and evaluation of the hazard; Develop and implement mitigation measures of the hazard, Strengthen the institutional capacity of the meteorological services and collaborating institutions Data collection, communicati on, processing and mapping equipment and technology Remote sensing technologies including GIS Various data collection, processing and mapping platforms are available at meteorological stations Satellite technology for tracking of weather systems are available and products (pictures and maps) are disseminated frequently; GIS technology to overlay various data sets is also available Depending on the resolution satellite data sets can be expensive, Low resolution data and information is available free of charge

12. Thank you More than 50% of NAPAs have now been submitted and available on the LDC Page for your reading and further action