1. Managing Stress 8E Principles and Strategies for Health and Well-Being Brian Luke Seaward, Ph.D. Unless otherwise noted, all images were supplied by Brian Luke Seaward. Credit: © Inspiration Unlimited. Used with permission.

2. Image © Creatas/age fotostock Chapter 4 Stress and Disease

3. “By comprehending that human beings are energy, one can begin to comprehend new ways of viewing health and illness.” – Richard Gerber, M.D. Quotation reproduced from Gerber, Richard. Vibrational Medicine, 3rd ed. 2001. Bear & Company.

4. “We have evolved to be smart enough to make ourselves sick.” – Robert Sapolsky, Author, Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers

5. Stress and Disease According to the American Institute of Stress: 43% of all adults suffer adverse health effects due to stress

6. Stress and Disease According to the American Institute of Stress: 43% of all adults suffer adverse health effects due to stress 75–90% of all visits to primary care physicians are for stress-related complaints or disorders

7. The association between stress and disease is HUGE.

8. Stress and Disease It is estimated that between 75–85% of all health-related problems are either precipitated or aggravated by stress.

9. Stress and Disease It is estimated that between 75–85% of all health-related problems are either precipitated or aggravated by stress. The term “psychoneuroimmunology” was coined in the early 1980s to link the fields of psychology, neurology, and immunology to better understand the relationship between stress and disease.

10. Figure 4.8. The association between stress and disease is very real! Cartoon © Peter Mueller/The New Yorker Collection/www.cartoonbank.com

11. Theoretical Models of Psychoneuroimmunology

12. The Borysenko Model

13. In terms of stress and disease, there are two aspects to consider: Autonomic Dysregulation Immune Dysregulation

14. Table 4.1. Borysenko’s Stress and Disease Dichotomy

15. 1.T-Cytotoxic Cells (T-Cells) 2.T-Helpers 3. T-Suppressors 4. Natural Killer Cells * Note: Cortisol lingering in the body destroys white blood cells

16. Table 4.2. Borysenko’s Immune Activity Matrix

17. According to Borysenko, when the immune system is operating normally, it is said to be “precisely regulated.”

18. According to Borysenko, when the immune system is operating normally, it is said to be “precisely regulated.” Stress alters the vulnerability of the immune system.

19. The Pert Model

20. Neuropeptides: The link between mind and body? Neuropeptides regulate everything from mood changes to the integrity of the immune system.

21. The Pert Model Neuropeptides: The link between mind and body? Neuropeptides regulate everything from mood changes to the integrity of the immune system. Candace Pert discovered that immune cells have built-in receptor sites for neuropeptides.

22. Figure 4.3. All known neuropeptides appear to have a single molecular structure, with specific receptor sites.

23. The Pert Model Pert discovered that neuropeptides are not solely produced in the brain. Immune cells can produce them as well!

24. The Pert Model Pert discovered that neuropeptides are not solely produced in the brain. Immune cells can produce them as well! Neuropeptides are the communicators between the brain and T-cells.

25. The Pert Model Pert discovered that neuropeptides are not solely produced in the brain. Immune cells can produce them as well! Neuropeptides are the communicators between the brain and T-cells. Some emotions may suppress the function of lymphocytes while others may enhance it.

26. PNI Research Studies

27. Academic stress lowers saliva immunoglobulin (Jermott et al., 1983)

28. PNI Research Studies Academic stress lowers saliva immunoglobulin (Jermott et al., 1983) Academic stress lowers lymphocytes in medical students (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1984)

29. PNI Research Studies Academic stress lowers saliva immunoglobulin (Jermott et al., 1983) Academic stress lowers lymphocytes in medical students (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1984) Stress retards the healing process of wounds (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1993)

30. PNI Research Studies Academic stress lowers saliva immunoglobulin (Jermott et al., 1983) Academic stress lowers lymphocytes in medical students (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1984) Stress retards the healing process of wounds (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1993) Stress (bereavement) lowers lymphocyte response (Schleifer, 1983)

31. PNI Research Studies Academic stress lowers saliva immunoglobulin (Jermott et al., 1983) Academic stress lowers lymphocytes in medical students (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1984) Stress retards the healing process of wounds (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1993) Stress (bereavement) lowers lymphocyte response (Schleifer, 1983) Chronic stress accelerates the aging process (Keicolt-Glaser et al., 2003)

32. The Lipton Model

33. Epigenetic Theory: The study of molecular mechanisms in which environment controls gene activity of the DNA What is the cell’s environment?

34. The Lipton Model Lipton’s research at Stanford University revealed that cells have the ability to promote growth as well as the protection of their own integrity.

35. The Lipton Model Lipton’s research at Stanford University revealed that cells have the ability to promote growth as well as the protection of their own integrity. They CANNOT do both functions at once!

36. The Lipton Model A biological environment of stress negates time and energy for cell growth and integrity. A state of constant stress will ultimately compromise the integrity and vitality of not only the cell, but the entire biological system.

37. Bruce Lipton, Lynn McTaggert, Fritz-Allen Popp, and several others were featured in the critically acclaimed movie The Living Matrix, about the new science of mind- body-spirit healing. Source: Courtesy of The Living Matrix, LTD and Becker Massey LLC.

38. The Gerber Model

39. The mind, as conscious and unconscious thoughts, exists as “subtle energy” that surrounds and permeates the body.

40. The Gerber Model The mind, as conscious and unconscious thoughts, exist as “subtle energy” that surrounds and permeates the body. Stress-related symptoms that appear in the physical body are the manifestations of “problems” that have occurred earlier as disturbances at a “higher energy level.”

41. Subtle Anatomy

42. The Meridian System

43. Subtle Anatomy The Meridian System The Chakra System

44. Subtle Anatomy The Meridian System The Chakra System The Human Energy Field

45. The Meridian System

46. The Chakra System The word “chakra” is a Sanskrit term meaning spinning wheel There are seven primary chakras. Each chakra is associated with a specific level of consciousness.

47. The Chakra System

48. Crown Chakra: Spiritual growth Brow Chakra: Intuition, insights, wisdom Throat Chakra: Communication, purpose in life Heart Chakra: Love (ability to express love) Solar Plexus Chakra: Self-confidence, gut feelings Navel Chakra: Personal power, sexual power Root Chakra: Safety and security needs

49. The crown chakra is called the halo in the Judeo-Christian culture.

50. Figure 4.4. The Human Energy Field. Source: Courtesy of Inner Traditions

51. A Kirlian photograph displaying the electromagnetic energy surrounding an aspen leaf. Source: Courtesy of Lynn Gerber

52. A Kirlian photograph displaying the electromagnetic energy surrounding an aspen leaf. The science of Kirlian photography helped develop the technology of magnetic resonance imagery. Source: Courtesy of Lynn Gerber

53. A Kirlian photograph displaying the electromagnetic energy surrounding the hand of renowned healer Olga Worrell. Source: Courtesy of Lynn Gerber

54. Each layer of subtle energy around the body vibrates at a specific oscillation. If one layer is out of tune, like a guitar string, then the entire energy field is affected.

55. The science of the subtle energy is based on the laws of physics. Entrainment is the mutual phase locking of like oscillations (vibrations). Sympathetic resonance is a term that describes when one object picks up the vibration of another object.

56. Healers such as Mietek and Margaret Wirkus can not only see the human energy field and chakras, they can predict disease BEFORE it shows up in the body... with an accuracy greater than an MRI. Here Mietek demonstrates his technique (bio-energy healing) through entrainment and sympathetic resonance.

58. The Pelletier Pre-Model

59. Ken Pelletier has been studying the relationship between stress and disease for decades. He believes that no model is complete until certain questions are answered; specifically, the topic of consciousness…also known as the “Ghost in the Machine.”

60. The Ghost in the Machine! Multiple Personality Disorder Spontaneous Remission Hypnosis Placebos and Nocebos Cell Memory Subtle Energy Immunoenhancement

61. Pelletier believes that until Western medical science expands its perception of what mind is (beyond the Cartesian concept of machine), we will not fully comprehend the stress and disease phenomenon, nor will we fully comprehend the potential of the immune system.

62. Figure 4.12. The balance between the nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system is quite delicate when repeatedly affected by chronic stress.

63. Target Organs and Their Disorders

64. Nervous System-Related Disorders

65. Bronchial Asthma Tension Headaches Migraine Headaches Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMJ) Irritable Bowel Syndrome Coronary Heart Disease

66. Immune System-Related Disorders

67. The Common Cold Influenza Allergies Rheumatoid Arthritis Lupus, Multiple Sclerosis, Crohn’s Disease Ulcers Cancer

69. Effective coping skills and relaxation techniques for stress management offer a means to return to “homeostasis” for optimal health.

70. Stress and Type 2 Diabetes

71. Stress increases serum blood sugar levels Emotional problems serve as a distraction to proper self-care behaviors (e.g., poor monitoring of blood sugar levels, no time for exercise, poor eating habits, increased alcohol consumption.

72. Stress and Type 2 Diabetes The American Diabetes Association recommends effective stress management therapies (coping and relaxation techniques) for all people with Type 2 diabetes.