1. What Happened to Biodiversity Last Time Climate Ran Amok? Duane Griffin Geography Dept

2. The carpet of flowering verdure spread over the naked crust of the Earth is unevenly woven: more tightly where the sun rises higher in the…skies, more loosely nearer the inert poles. Alexander von Humboldt 1808

4. Why? Species gains and losses Tropics:CradleorMuseum?

5. Cradle or Museum?

8. How did the diversity gradient develop? ? ? Glacial Interglacial

12. Glacial Interglacial

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36. How did the diversity gradient develop? Glacial Interglacial