1. VISIT IN TUBINGEN

2. The retinal preparation process 1. Removing the eye cup of rat 2. Cut the eye cap along the ora serrata 3. Dissect the retina for three segments that will be recorded 4. Loosen the neural retina from the sclera and transfer it to the recording field of the MEA

3. The retinal preparation process

4. The perforated MEA  Improve retina - electrodes contact. Measure the ganglion cell activity.

5. The perforated MEA setup  The improved contact achieved by applying a negative pressure fro underneath the MEA

6. MCS system  Amplifier and data acquisition.  MEAs.  Light sources to stimulate the retina.  Perfusion setup.

7. STIMULUS OF UNIFORM LIGHT Light intensity of 3.6klux Cycle time Total time of 30 sec TP=time of pulse f= frequency.

8. The f and TP values 5ms50ms100ms500ms 0.25Hz 0.5Hz 1Hz 5Hz 10Hz 20Hz

9. The signal processing block diagram FFT TRANSFORMATION ROW ELECTRODE FILTER 200Hz-3kHz reconstruction Frequency space Frequency space (peak detector) Level filter 50mv Time space Process the date (frequency, number of AP, width of the respond …)

10. Compare between 50,100,500 ms pulse at 0.5Hz from one electrode number 47

11. Frequency space

12. Frequency space zoom in

13. Frequency space filtered

14. Reconstructed signal 50,100,500 ms with peak level at 50mV

15. 50ms action potential counter

16. 100ms action potential counter

17. 500ms action potential counter

18. 50ms Action potential frequency

19. 100ms Action potential frequency

20. 500ms Action potential frequency

21. Compare between 50,100,500 ms pulse at 0.25Hz from one electrode number 47

22. Frequency space

23. Frequency space zoom in

24. Frequency space filtered

25. Reconstructed signal 50,100,500 ms with peak level at 50mV

26. 50ms action potential counter

27. 100ms action potential counter

28. 500ms action potential counter

29. 50ms Action potential frequency

30. 100ms Action potential frequency

31. 500ms Action potential frequency

32. The total result of all the electrode stimulus of 0.5Hz 50ms

33. Number of action potential at 10ms stimulus of 0.5Hz 50ms

34. Action potential frequency (calculated at 100ms) stimulus of 0.5Hz 50ms

35. The total result of all the electrode stimulus of 0. 5Hz 100ms

36. Number of action potential at 10ms stimulus of 0.5Hz 100ms

37. Action potential frequency (calculated at 100ms) stimulus of 0.5Hz 100ms

38. The total result of all the electrode stimulus of 0.5Hz 500ms

39. Number of action potential at 10ms stimulus of 0.5Hz 500ms

40. Action potential frequency (calculated at 100ms) stimulus of 0.5Hz 500ms

41. Zoom in at the stimulus of 0.5Hz 500 ms pulse counter.

42. Zoom in at the stimulus of 0.5Hz 500 ms (number of pulse at 10ms )

43. Zoom in at the stimulus of 0.5Hz 500 ms (frequency )

44. Experiment in chicken retina  Focusing image from computer display on the retina.  the space and time frequency can be controlled.  the stimulus is from the bottom

45. The optic setup  45 d mirror.  Lance to focus the image.  Mechanical setup.  display that radiate the image.

46. Movie of the experiment

47. The buffer components chickenrat g/1literg/molmMg/1literg/molmM 5.841007.012858.44120NaCl 0.447660.372874.565KCl 2.52302.520384.0130NaHCO3 9.01502.7024180.1615GLUKOSE 0.03382169.10.2L-GLUTAMAT 0.49320.2033203.31MgCl2 6H2O 1mlPHENOLROT 7.5 ph 326-328333OSMOLARIT 0.1381NaH2PO4(1H2O) 0.1471CaCl2(2H20)

48. The retina preparation