1. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 1 Present and Future Program for Elementary Particle Physics D. MacFarlane PPA Deputy Director & Assistant Director for EPP

2. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 2 Priorities for particle physics program *B Factory program has been the centerpiece for a decade –Established the origins of CP violation within the quark sector and has provided a legacy of fundamental constraints on new physics in the LHC era that will continue to be explored for many years *Priorities for future program are defined by outstanding physics opportunities –Energy frontier physics at ATLAS at the LHC in the near- and mid-term –A high-energy e  e  collider in the longer-term future –Aligned with national priorities, most recently reflected in the P-5 report *Other possible future program components are lower priority, not yet fully established nationally, & are at an earlier stage of development –Includes intensity frontier programs in neutrino physics (EXO, CDMS, and the DUSEL program) and next generation quark flavor physics (SuperB)

3. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 3 Reinventing SLAC’s role as a user laboratory *No on-site operating facilities, but a national laboratory with essential capabilities for supporting US particle physics program –Experimental and theoretical staff who are excited about developing an ATLAS physics program –Electronic & mechanical engineering capabilities well matched to needs of the ATLAS upgrade program –Computing expertise in large data set systems and operation of major hardware systems for data management and physics analysis directly applicable to ATLAS –Potential for on-site test beam facility for detector development to support ATLAS upgrade effort –Space to host user community on time scales from a few day workshop to full time residence *Based on our future physics priorities we are actively migrating these capabilities onto the future ATLAS program –This is a process of reinvention, conducted in conjunction with the user community, with both challenges and opportunities

4. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 4 EPP manpower: FY08 and FY10

5. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 5 EPP budget: FY08 and FY10

6. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 6 EPP budget evolution: FY07-FY10

7. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 7 Present and Future support for BABAR BABAR plenary talks by Hassan Jawahery, Soeren Prell Accel-based breakout talks by Ratcliff, Grenier, Gabareen-Mokhtar, Coleman, Graham

8. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 8 Shortened FY08 B Factory run *Impact of curtailment of B Factory operations –Substantial reduction in Y(4S) sample development, but new opportunities created with Y(3S) and Y(2S) running –Transition to minimal maintenance state (MMS) is occurring in FY08 for BABAR instead of FY09 –Installed computing hardware at SLAC and software support model mostly unchanged New data sets on Y(3S) and Y(2S) largely offsets loss of additional 4S data, due to larger cross sections Final reprocessing of the complete data set will make long-term archiving compressed to Apr-Oct 2008 –Modernization of tape silo system for maintaining data set long term delayed into FY09-FY10, due to very tight budget in FY08

9. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 9 PEP-II total integrated luminosity: 557 fb -1

10. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 10 Slide redacted

11. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 11 Critical SLAC role in the future BABAR program *Support for ongoing exploitation of one of the world’s great datasets, which will remain an important legacy through much of the next decade –Direct physicist engagement in physics analysis –Support for hardware and software infrastructure, with SLAC as the primary, and within two years only, computing site for BABAR –Hosting a vibrant and active collaboration both during next 2- years of intense analysis, but well beyond *Dismantling and disposal (or re-use) of BABAR and PEP-II systems and components –Significant draw on physicist and technical resources

12. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 12 Post-operational computing model for BABAR *Major long-term post-data taking commitment –BABAR has defined a set of core physics analyses to be pursued in the first two years post data taking –Long-term analysis period will then follow, based on unique and unsurpassed data sample *Current assumptions, based of revised BABAR plans –Mid-FY08-FY10: Intense data analysis period with aim to publish main physics results –FY11-FY14: Long-term analysis at reduced level Expect BABAR Tier A centers will start to phase out from end of 2010; analysis fully reliant on SLAC from that point *Long-term –SLAC will be the archival site for a unique data sample Scientific computing plenary talk by Gregory Dubois-Felsmann

13. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 13 BABAR and PEP-II transition to MMS and DND *Transition underway to minimal-maintenance state (MMS) to protect equipment and secure assets while minimizing ongoing costs –For PEP-II postponed at present to FY09 due to budget constraints *Initial planning for BABAR and PEP-II disassembly &disposal (DND) in spring 2007, reviewed in August 2007 –Main conclusion was that BABAR DND should begin at conclusion of data taking –Potential re-use of PEP-II components likely, and, if needed, DND would be as late as ~2015 *Revised BABAR DND plan developed for a project start in FY09 –Some project planning now in FY08 due to early shutdown –Issue of detector ownership will be settled at July BABAR IFC meeting –Five phases over FY08-FY12: management & planning, tooling preparation, utilities removal, core disassembly, & system disassembly DND breakout talks by Wisniewski and Krebs

14. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 14 BABAR manpower & budget breakdown for FY08

15. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 15 BABAR budget evolution FY07-FY10

16. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 16 ATLAS and ATLAS upgrade R&D program ATLAS plenary talks by Charlie Young, Su Dong, Ariel Schwartzman Accel-based breakout talks by Bartoldus, Aracena, Miller, Kocian

17. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 17 Beginnings of ATLAS role for SLAC *SLAC joined formally joined ATLAS in June 2006 –Fundamental physics questions will be addressed at the energy frontier throughout the next decade –Strong physics overlap and synergy with ILC science program –Responsive to large US community, including many traditional institutional partners *Initial areas of participation –Pixel detector operations, calibration, and software; higher-level trigger and daq; simulations; and Tier 2 center –All areas that are well matched to established capabilities & experience; we have hit the ground running, with real impact *But, present ATLAS effort is too small for national lab effort –FY07: about 5 FTE physicists, with 1 faculty, 1 Panofsky Fellow; FY08 grew to about 10 FTE physicists, plus support –Upgrade provides both a route to an expanded ATLAS effort as well as adding a hardware development & construction component to portfolio

18. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 18 Centerpiece for Future: ATLAS and ATLAS Upgrades *ATLAS upgrade provides an excellent opportunity to take a leadership role in this experiment in the future. –SuperLHC provides a vehicle for higher energy reach for new physics and will be a major part of the future national program *Targeted areas of activity: –Tracker and/or pixel upgrades: mechanical, CO 2 cooling, systems design, facilities for integrated of test modules & eventually production –Simulation and optimization of the design and layout –3-D pixel detector development, including FEE R&D –DAQ readout digital electronics –Higher-level trigger design *Upgrade effort will build on strong working relationship with UCSC and LBNL, and will establish the Bay Area as a key ATLAS center in the U.S.

19. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 19 ATLAS challenges and opportunities *Initial trajectory on ATLAS growth is on track, but launching an upgrade effort and eventually defining upgrade construction roles will be challenging –Develop additional manpower and leadership at SLAC, managing transitions from BABAR and SiD –Defining areas of engagement in upgrade R&D, matched to our core capabilities, in a coherent plan agreed to by US ATLAS and ATLAS management *Creation of ATLAS physics community centered on SLAC, with expanded Tier 2 computing role and facilities for hosting users will be a new paradigm –Developing a quorum of expertise, with strong coupling to vibrant theory effort directly connected to LHC physics –Facilities: office space, meeting rooms, organizational support for ATLAS community initiatives, ranging from few day workshops to long- term residents –Coupling to upgrade R&D effort, and eventually construction projects, will be very attractive for students and postdocs

20. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 20 ATLAS white paper: in preparation *In the midst of preparing a white paper that provides a detailed model for a substantially enlarged ATLAS effort –Current and potentially expanded roles on the existing ATLAS experiment –Exploring expanded capability for Tier 2 center Ability to support major physics- and calibration-driven production activities; potential for hosting Tier 3 resources in a cost-effective way; tools and core software development support Developing these ideas will be critical to exploiting computing capability and experience built up through the BABAR era Working group: Su Dong, C.Young, A.Schwartzman, R.Bartoldus, T.Nelson, P.Grenier, T.Barklow, D.Nelson, M.Asai, D.Wright, J.Jaros, A.Salnikov, M.Wittgen Working group: R.Mount, C.Young, A.Schwartzman, G.Dubois-Felsmann, H.Neal, N.Graf, M.Kelsey, P.Kim, W.Yang, D.MacFarlane Blue = New staff or faculty participant

21. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 21 ATLAS white paper: in preparation –Upgrade R&D and future upgrade construction effort –SLAC as a west coast center for ATLAS and ATLAS upgrades –Also need time to engage and consult widely with west coast ATLAS community, US/ATLAS and ATLAS leadership in formulating these plans –Original target for completion was mid-June; now anticipate a finished white paper, with US/ATLAS and ATLAS buy-in by September TDAQ working group: M.Huffer, G.Haller, D.Nelson, R.Claus, R.Bartoldus, Su Dong Pixel/Tracking working group: G.Haller, D.Nelson, T.Nelson, M.Kelsey, M.Convery, M.Oriunno, W.Wisniewski, J.Jaros, C.Young, M.Kocian, D.MacFarlane, Su Dong Simulation working group: T.Nelson, M.Kelsey, M.Convery, N.Graf, P.Kim Working group: A.Schwartzman, M.Peskin, T.Rizzo, J.Hewett, L.Dixon, M.Convery, T.Barklow, M.Graham, P.Schuster

22. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 22 Particle Physics Theory Group *Overarching program goals: –Committed to providing the highest quality research program –Committed to providing guidance and close interaction with the SLAC and wider HEP experimental community Recent examples include BABAR, ATLAS, linear collider, GLAST, DES, LSST, SNAP and other programs Ties come both through choices of research direction, e.g., precision calculations of QCD for collider applications, and through direct participation in workshops, physics discussions, and planning, e.g., ATLAS weekly meetings, west coast workshops, and laboratory planning –Committed to training & development of excellent researchers *Main areas of research –Phenomenolgy and model building: Brodsky, Dixon, Hewestt, Peskin, Quinn, Rizzo, Wacker, and 7 postdocs –Formal Quantum Field Theory and String Theory:: Kachru, Silverstein, Weinstein, and 1 postdoc Theory plenary talk by Michael Peskin

23. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 23 Creating future science opportunities EXO plenary talk by Peter Rowson, Detector R&D talk by John Jaros Accel-based breakout talks by Graf, Partridge, Va’vra; Non-Accel breakout talk by Yang; ARD breakout talk by Weinands

24. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 24 Other particle physics science opportunities –Intensity frontier: SuperB Flavor Factory: Facility with 50-100 times present luminosity for exploring flavor couplings of New Physics discovered at the LHC SLAC has been a leader in developing the INFN concept and would be an essential partner in executing this program, including supplying a large fraction of components from PEP-II and BABAR –Intensity frontier: Underground Physics: SLAC is involved in EXO; local leadership at Stanford in CDMS. Could envision a significant facilitating role for SLAC in construction of major double-beta decay and dark matter experiments at DUSEL, in collaboration with LBNL, while Fermilab and BNL support long- baseline oscillation experiments. –Energy frontier: R&D for a detector at a linear collider: A vigorous program of basic detector R&D must be pursued in parallel with R&D on the machine Presently a leader in the SiD detector concept, and would expect to take a lead role in the realization of such a design in the future.

25. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 25 Physics case for the SuperB Flavor Factory *When evidence for New Physics is found at the LHC, attention will turn to understanding the details –Is it SUSY? What type of symmetry breaking? Is it extra dimensions? Are they warped? *New heavy quanta can be detected through precision measurement of processes involving loop diagrams *Data samples ~50 ab -1 or more are needed in most cases to reduce the experimental error below the theoretical uncertainty –Challenging accelerator and experiment design goal, 50-100 times current B Factories *With a capability for delivering these large samples, SuperB will be crucial to an understanding of the flavor sector of any new physics –Is there charged lepton flavor violation? Are there new CP phases? Is there a charged Higgs? Is there minimal flavor violation in the (s)quark sector?

26. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 26 An expanded role in underground physics *Many exciting physics questions at the intensity frontier with DUSEL, e.g., direct dark matter searches and neutrinoless double-beta decay searches –SLAC and Stanford are already identified with two suitable candidate ton-scale projects non-accelerator projects (EXO and CDMS) *Getting in at the beginning: opportunity to define, in partnership for LBNL, a plausible and suitable new role –A very active and growing university community, with many ideas and smaller-scale opportunities bubbling forward –No clear lead laboratory yet for DOE/HEP investment and support of potential DOE investments in large-scale DUSEL experiments *SLAC underground physics effort is presently relatively small and would have to be significantly strengthened to support this direction –Would need additional physics leadership and would need to expand suitable core engineering capabilities

27. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 27 Balancing opportunities and risks *These opportunities have a potential for a more visible leading, if not critical, role for SLAC, but have a higher risk –Need to balance high priority attached to ATLAS growth with strategic investments in a broader set of future opportunities –Limited number of physicists engaged, directing a device and detector system R&D program that is more broadly applicable, while these opportunities develop and national priorities clarify *Planned detector R&D effort –Move engineering resources from completed EXO-200 onto development of a system concept for full EXO detector –Concentrate detector R&D for linear collider on main issues: particle- flow calorimetry, high-segmentation calorimetry with integrated readout –Develop precision timing systems for Cherenkov detector applications, including SuperB

28. July 7, 2008SLAC Annual Program ReviewPage 28 Conclusions *SLAC particle physics program is in transition: both exciting and a challenge! –Highly successful program overall from the B Factory, including exciting new science opportunities from FY08 data set –Future highest priority program will be where the science drives us to the energy frontier with ATLAS and ATLAS upgrades Significant migration from existing programs will invigorate this effort, but there will be challenges to reinvent SLAC as a user laboratory supporting this new direction Need to continue to develop the case for a high energy electron collider as the necessary complementary tool for elucidating the nature of new physics discoveries at the LHC –Other exciting science opportunities should be cultivated, including a major role in the intensity frontier program, supporting underground physics at DUSEL and a possible offshore Super B Factory