1. The Crime of Plagiarism 1. Not using QUOTATION marks to identify a direct quote from your source. ALWAYS use quotation marks around quotes taken from your text which are word for word. Only use direct quotes when it is important for the reader to know the exact words that the author used. You also need to cite the source of your information immediately after your direct quote.

2. The Crime of Plagiarism 2. Not CITING the source of your information when using ideas and information taken from the text. Even if you put the information in your own words, you must still cite your source.

3. The Crime of Plagiarism 3. Not PARAPHRASING correctly. Just changing one or two words in a sentence from your source is not acceptable, even if you cite it. You must use your own sentence structure and ideas.

4. The Crime of Plagiarism 4. Use of others’ WORKS and IDEAS as one’s OWN. The most obvious form of plagiarism is turning in work that you did not complete at all, but that you “borrowed” from another and turned it in as your own. Just changing the name and some words does not make it yours.

5. Avoiding Plagiarism CITE the important information from each source that you want to use or will use in your paper so that you know exactly where information was gathered.

6. Avoiding Plagiarism Try initially writing your paper WITHOUT any notes. Sit down and organize your paper, writing only what you remember from the sources you have read. Then go back and insert all the specifics and notes you need to, with documentation. Try reading the information on a group of note cards and then writing the paragraph without looking at them to make sure you are paraphrasing correctly.

7. Avoiding Plagiarism If you have any information that contains a NUMERICAL figure, make sure that you document it. As a rule, numbers are not common knowledge.

8. Avoiding Plagiarism Do not try to write as PROFESSIONAL as the sources you are using. Use coherent language and avoid long technical terms whose meaning you do not know.

9. Avoiding Plagiarism What is “professional” about this writing? “The camp was comprised of stone and wooden barracks as well as individual homes that were requisitioned from Germans. Though the U.S. Army originally opened the camp on May 1, 1945, primarily to house 3,000 Hungarian Jews, the camp housed many non-Jewish concentration camp survivors until July 1945” (“Feldafing” 1).

10. What is a thesis statement? A thesis statement is an opinion-based sentence that names the topic of your paper. It is the last sentence in your introduction.

11. A thesis statement must do three things: Take a position Be supportable with research Be expressed in one sentence

12. Weak Drug addiction is a big problem. Strong Drug addiction has caused a huge increase in violent crimes.

13. Weak Home and schools. Strong Parents need to participate more in the education of their children.

14. Weak I want to share some thoughts with you about the space program. Strong The space program is a waste of money.

15. Never use first (I, me, we, my, mine, our) or second (you, your) person in your final thesis statement. Its too informal.

16. Write a belief statement about your topic: I believe…. Example: I believe that the SAT tests should be eliminated.

17. Now add a fact to the belief statement I believe….because…. Example: I believe that the SAT tests should be eliminated because they cannot predict success in college.

18. Finally, take away your “I believe” statement and you have your thesis! Example: SAT tests should be eliminated because they cannot predict success in college.

19. Paraphrasing and Summarizing Definition of Paraphrasing: A restatement of a text or passage in another form or other words. Include ALL of the ideas mentioned in the original passage Follow the ORIGINAL order of ideas Keep the length approximately the SAME as the original Do not add your own thoughts or views

20. Definition of Summary: Presenting the substance in a condensed form by reducing to its main points Include only the MAIN points of the original passage Do NOT worry about following the original order of ideas Keep the length to between ¼ and ½ of the length of the original Do not add your own thoughts or ideas Paraphrasing and Summarizing

21. Original Text: “Australian cuisine has the most diverse range, quality, and inventiveness than many others in the world. Australia is also well known for its fresh ingredients such as seafood, local fruits, beef and lamb, as well as its world class cheeses” (“Food” 1) Paraphrased Text: Which parts of this paraphrasing are too close to the original? Australian food is considered to have a wide range and is best known for its quality and uniqueness when compared to many others in the world. They are also famous for their fresh ingredients, such as seafood, local fruits, beef and lamb, as well as its world class cheeses. Paraphrasing and Summarizing

22. Original Text: “Australian cuisine has the most diverse range, quality, and inventiveness than many others in the world. Australia is also well known for its fresh ingredients such as seafood, local fruits, beef and lamb, as well as its world class cheeses” (“Food” 1) Summarized Text: What could be added to make this a more effective summary? Food in Australia is world famous for its wide range and unique flavors. Paraphrasing and Summarizing

23. “Darfur has been embroiled in a deadly conflict for over seven years. At least 500,000 people have been killed; more than 2.7 million innocent civilians have been forced to flee their homes and now live in displaced-persons camps in Sudan or in refugee camps in neighboring Chad; and more than 3.5 million men, women, and children are completely reliant on international aid for survival” (“Darfur Primer” 1). Paraphrasing and Summarizing

24. Book Entries: For a Book Entry with an AUTHOR, you need to find the following information and put it in this order: Author’s LAST Name, Author’s FIRST Name. Title of Book. Publishing City: Publisher, Year Published. Medium. If the book does not have an AUTHOR, you begin with the TITLE.

25. Book Entries: If you have TWO authors for a book, put them in ALPHABETICAL order by their LAST name, putting the first person in order by LAST name then FIRST name, and put the other person in order by FIRST name then LAST name. If you have more than TWO authors for a book, list only the first person ALPHABETICALLY, then write the LATIN phrase ET AL, which means AND ALL THE REST. Brochures are documented just like a BOOK without an AUTHOR.

26. Website Entries: For a website without an AUTHOR, you need to find the following information and put it in this order: “Title of WEBSITE.” Publisher/Sponsor. (if none, use n.p.) Day Month Year that the website was created or last updated. Medium. Day Month Year that you accessed the site. The second date you put in the bibliographic entry is the date you FOUND the website and/or PRINTED it. If you can find an AUTHOR for the website, you use the author’s LAST name and then his/her FIRST name, just like a BOOK entry.

27. Website Entries: The title of the website is usually printed in the UPPER LEFT- hand corner of the page. The website address is usually printed in the LOWER LEFT- hand corner of the page. The date you accessed the website is usually printed in the LOWER RIGHT- hand corner of the page. This is why it is important to print from the INTERNET since you won’t get this information if you cut and paste into a WORD document.

28. Bibliography Cards

29. General Info. About Works Cited: The Works Cited page is the LAST page of your research paper. It does NOT count in the required page numbers for the paper. The Works Cited page is NUMBERED in the upper RIGHT hand corner of the page, just like all of the other pages in your paper.

30. The title of the page, WORKS CITED, is centered at the top of the page. Everything on the page is DOUBLE-SPACED, never more than that. Entries on a Works Cited page are called BIBLIOGRAPHIC entries, which means “Biblio”- BOOK and “graphic”-WRITING. The entries on the Works Cited page are in ALPHABETICAL order. General Info. About Works Cited:

31. When you alphabetize, you alphabetize by the FIRST word of the bibliographic entry, unless it begins with the three English articles, A, AN, and THE. You ignore these words and alphabetize by the FIRST word in the title. You do not INDENT the first line of a bibliographic entry, but you do indent the SECOND line of a bibliographic entry. It is the opposite of a PARAGRAPH in an essay where you indent the FIRST line.

32. All of your SOURCES must be DOCUMENTED in your paper, so be sure to put only the sources you used on your Works Cited page. Every PERIOD, COMMA, and COLON are very important, so do not get careless when you create your entries. General Info. About Works Cited:

33. Parenthetical Documentation What is Parenthetical Documentation? Parenthetical Documentation is giving credit to your SOURCES in your research paper, even on information you PARAPHRASED or SUMMARIZED. How often should I document? Every TIME you use information from a source, you should document.

34. How much of my paper should be documented? You do not have to document your TOPIC or TRANSITION sentence because you wrote them. The rest of every body paragraph must be from a SOURCE, and must be documented. How do you document? To document, you put important information in PARENTHESIS after the information you have QUOTED, PARAPHRASED, or SUMMARIZED. Parenthetical Documentation

35. What if a paragraph is in my own words and from only one source? If an entire paragraph came from the same SOURCE, and you PARAPHRASE or SUMMARIZE the entire paragraph, you only have document ONCE at the end of the paragraph. In this case, the PERIOD goes before the documentation. Parenthetical Documentation

36. What if I use more than one source to put a paragraph together? If you used more than one SOURCE to construct a paragraph, you must document after each BLOCK of INFORMATION. If each BLOCK of INFORMATION is more than one sentence, the period goes BEFORE the documentation. If each BLOCK of INFORMATION is just one sentence, then the period goes AFTER the documentation. Parenthetical Documentation

37. How do I know what to put in the parenthesis when I am documenting? When you document a BOOK source WITH AN AUTHOR, you put the author’s LAST name and the PAGE NUMBER. Example: (Smith 3) When you document a BOOK source WITHOUT AN AUTHOR, you put the TITLE of the BOOK and the PAGE NUMBER. Example:(Germany the Beautiful 12-15) Parenthetical Documentation

38. How do I know what to put in the parenthesis when I am documenting? When you document an INTERNET source WITH AN AUTHOR, you put the author’s LAST name and the PAGE NUMBER. Example: (Jones 3-5) When you document an INTERNET source WITHOUT AN AUTHOR, you put the TITLE of the WEBSITE and the PAGE NUMBER. Example: (“German Food” 2-5) Parenthetical Documentation

39. Works Cited “Food in Germany.” Foods Around the World. 6 February 2007. Web. 30 January 2010. German Culture. Berlin: Deutschland Publishing, 2007. Print. Schaefer, Laurie. Personal Interview. 5 February 2007. Wooten, Meredith. I Love Kraut. Pfafftown: Tabor Publishers, 1999. Print. Zimmermeyer, Dave. “Soccer, the Unknown Sport.” Sports Unlimited. 5 March 2009. Web. 2 February 2010.

40. Food is an interesting aspect of Germany’s culture. This first and second sentence of the paragraph are from an Internet source without an author, which is very common for Internet sources. The Internet source is only three pages long, and you know that because the printout tells you in the upper right hand corner( ) The next two sentences are from a brochure, which is always documented as if it is a book. Often, because brochures are written by advertising agencies, you will not have an author, so remember that you just use the title, which you can usually find on the front cover of the brochure ( ) This one sentence is from an interview with one of your favorite teachers who traveled to Germany; this teacher gave some wonderful insight into the food of the country and how much she loved it ( ) The final three sentences are from a book with an author. You found this great information on food to finish the paragraph. The page numbers that you used were pages 1121-1123 ( ) Many spectators at the popular sports in Germany enjoy eating these wonderful foods.