1. Chapter 23 Guiding Questions
The Progressive Era
Who were the progressives, and what were their major causes?
Who were the muckrakers, and what impact did they have?
What were Theodore Roosevelt’s and William Howard Taft’s progressive programs, and what were those programs’ goals?
Why was the election of 1912 significant?
How was Woodrow Wilson’s progressivism different from Roosevelt’s?

2. Chapter 23 - The Progressive Era
Elizabeth Cady Stanton In this 1870s engraving, Stanton speaks at a meeting of the National Woman Suffrage Association.

3. Chapter 23 - The Progressive Era
Which states first gave women the right to vote? Why did it take fifty-one years, from Wyoming’s grant of full suffrage to women until ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, for women to receive the right to vote? How was suffrage part of a larger women’s reform movement?

4. Chapter 23 - The Progressive Era
Cover of McClure’s Magazine, 1902 This cover features Ida Tarbell’s muckraking series on the Standard Oil Company.

5. Chapter 23 - The Progressive Era
Child labor was commonplace A young girl working as a spinner in a cotton mill in Vermont, 1910.

6. From CHAPTER 18 – Mother Jones Big Business and Organized Labor
“I’m not a humanitarian, I’m a hell-raiser.”
Lost her husband and four children to a yellow fever epidemic in Memphis (1867)
Moved to Chicago and saw her dressmaking shop, home, and belongings destroyed in the great fire of 1871
Drifted into the labor movement and dedicated her life to the cause of wage workers and their families
Traveled to speak for the Knights of Labor, the United Mine Workers, other unions and the Socialist party
Promoted higher wages, shorter hours, safer workplaces and restrictions on child labor
Organized women and children to march and get things done
“You don’t need to vote to raise hell.”

7. Chapter 23 - The Progressive Era
The meat industry
Pigs strung up along the hog-scraping rail at Armour’s packing plant in Chicago, ca

8. Chapter 23 - The Progressive Era
Taylorism and Efficiency
Frederick Winslow Taylor - The Principles of Scientific Management (1911)
Wealthy Quaker Family
Perfectionist as a child
Could have gotten an education and lived out his wealth
Asks a factory owner if he can be an apprentice (would do it for free)
Was asked to be a foreman over his “gang”
Demands efficiency
Begins quest for scientific management

9. Chapter 23 - The Progressive Era
Roosevelt’s duality Roosevelt’s energy, self-righteousness, and impulsiveness elicited sharp reactions. Theodore Roosevelt as an “apostle of prosperity.”

10. Chapter 23 - The Progressive Era
Roosevelt’s duality
Roosevelt’s energy, self-righteousness, and impulsiveness elicited sharp reactions.
Theodore as a Roman tyrant.

11. Chapter 23 - The Progressive Era
“The Lion-Tamer” Theodore Roosevelt confronts the beasts of the steel trust, the oil trust, the beef trust, and others in the arena of Wall Street.

12. Chapter 23 - The Progressive Era
Roosevelt Progressivism
The Square Deal
Regulating Trusts and Railroads
Cleaning up the meat and drug industries

13. Chapter 23 - The Progressive Era
Taft Progressivism
Continued Trust Busting
Continued Tariff Reform
BUT, many saw the tariff reductions as weak.

14. Why was Wilson’s victory in 1912 significant?
Chapter Election
Why was Taft so unpopular? How did the division between Roosevelt and Taft give Wilson the victory?
Why was Wilson’s victory in 1912 significant?
Political giants A cartoon showing Roosevelt charging through the air at Taft, who is seated on a mountaintop

15. Chapter 23 - The Progressive Era
Wilson Progressivism
New Freedom
Less federal intervention in business
Return of the low tariff
Anti-trust program
Establishment of the Federal Reserve System
Did NOT support FEDERAL programs promoting social justice, child labor reform or women’s suffrage.

16. Selected Progressive and Imperialism Documents
The White Man’s Burden (1899)
Rudyard Kipling - U.S. Imperialism
The Black Man’s Burden (1920)
E.D. Morel - Response
PROGRESSIVE
The Jungle
Upton Sinclair
How the Other Half Lives
Jacob Riis
Italian Dramatist Giuseppe Giacosa Offers his Assessment of American Slaughterhouses
Giuseppe Giacosa

17. The 14th Amendment State Reforms and Legal Backlash (p. 942)
Section 1
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any PERSON of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Legal REASONING
The word PERSON in the clause included corporations.
They start to look at “substantive due process” in this context. (not just procedures). Looked at the substance of legislative action.
Judges were able to overturn laws that deprived persons (and CORPORATIONS) of property to an unreasonable degree.